Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam Review Turf & Landscape

Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Exam
Review: Turf & Landscape.


Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause - (correct answer) - -
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Chew on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits
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-Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves
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-Suck plant juices cx cx




-Promote gall formation and other malformations
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-Inject toxins into plants -Transmit diseases to plants
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-Create a nuisance for people cx cx cx cx




Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects - (correct answer) -
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Insects have: body form has 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen; 3 pairs of legs attached to thorax; 0, 1,
cxcx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




or 2 pairs of wings attached to thorax; 1 pair of antennae
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Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods - (correct answer) -
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Arthropods have: exoskeleton; body form has 2 regions: head & abdomen; usually 4 pairs of legs attach
cxcx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




ed to head; no wings; no antennae
cx cx cx cx cx cx




Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete metamorphosis - (correct answer) - -
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Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis"; 3 stages: egg, nymph, & adult
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-Complete: 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, & adultcx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development - (correct answer) -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




*Temperature & humidity preferences vary for each insect.
cxcx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




*Combined effect of both on reproduction & development is more dramatically different than the effect
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of either alone.
x cx cx




-
Temperature: development is faster with heat & slower with cold temps; insects die at the high levels of
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developmental threshold temps and become inactive at low levels
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-Humidity: effects insect diseases; effects moisture levels required for survival
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx

,Ch.1 List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides - (correct answer) - Advantages:
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cxcx cx




-Effective against economically damaging pests cx cx cx cx




-Can combine 1 or 2 insecticides to combat several pests
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-They act quickly to control pests before reaching damaging levels
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-For new pests, there are many compounds that have been proven effective
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-Effective insecticides, suitable formulations, & application equipment are normally available
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Disadvantages: cx




-Often eliminate beneficial insects, allowing target organisms to rebound quickly
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-Repeated exposure can lead to resistance in a pest population
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-Yearly dependence on applications is an added cost
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-Always a potential for drift, residues, and damage
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Ch.2 Explain what determines whether a given plant is a weed - (correct answer) -
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Weeds are unwanted plants
cxcx cx cx cx




Ch.2 List the two main goals of weed management - (correct answer) - 1. Minimize weed competition
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2. Limit the weed's reproduction so that you can still manage the weed population in future years
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Ch.2 Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes (7) - (correct answer) - -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cxcx




Interfere with management practices cx cx cx




-Produce chemical inhibitors that directly retard the growth of desirable plants (allelopathy)
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-Create a poor impression on customers
cx cx cx cx cx




-Interferes with pesticide applications cx cx cx




-Support insect pests and plant diseases or provide cover for rodents
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-Are poisonous, allergenic, or irritating to people or pets
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-Dry out or die and become fire hazards
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Ch.2 Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and woody from herbaceous plants - (correct answer) - -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cxcx




Grasses (Monocots): most common weeds; have a single seed leaf (cotyledon) when they germinate; na
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




rrow leaves with parallel viens
cx cx cx cx

,-Broadleaves (Dicots): have 2 seed leaves when they germinate; veins form a net-
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




like or branching pattern; can be broken down into Woody and Herbaceous plants
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




--> Woody: have thickened outer layer on stems (bark)
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--> Herbaceous: lacks bark
cx cx cx




Ch. 2 Describe the life cycles and propagation of annual, biennial, and perennial plants -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




(correct answer) - -
cx cx cx cxcx




Annuals: live less than 12 months; most seeds germinate the following year, some are dormant taking s
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




everal years; prolific seed producers.
cx cx cx cx




--> Summer Annuals: germinate from seed in spring, flower/
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




produce seeds in summer, die in late summer/early fall.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




--> Winter Annuals: germinate from seed in fall, overwinter as low-growing plants, flower/
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




produce seeds in spring, then die. cx cx cx cx cx




-
Biennials: live for 2 growing seasons; germinate from seeds in spring or summer and produce a rosette o
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




f leaves, overwinter in rosette stage, flower the following year, produce seed, and die.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




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Perennials: live for at least 2 years, sometimes longer; may reproduce by seed or spread vegetatively (st
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




olons, rhizomes, spreading roots, tubers, bulbs)
cx cx cx cx cx




Ch.2 Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and when it is easiest to do so
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




- (correct answer) - -Annuals: kill the whole shoot by tillage or with herbicides during seeding stage.
cx cx cx cxcx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




--> Summer Annuals: kill with tillage or herbicides during seeding stage.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




--> Winter Annuals: kill with tillage or herbicides during seeding stage.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-Biennials: best controlled with herbicides during rosette stage.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Perennials: controlled by repeatedly tilling or with herbicides that translocates to all plant parts.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Ch.2 Distinguish the difference between preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicide applica
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tions - (correct answer) - -Preplant: done before planting.
cx cx cx cx cxcx cx cx cx




-Preemergence: usually (not always) done after planting but before plants/weeds emerge.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-Postemergence: done selectively after plants/ cx cx cx cx




weeds emerge; timing is important; if the desirable plant is smaller or larger than the growth stage liste
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




d on the label, it may be damaged by the herbicide.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx

, Ch.2 Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter, and pH and herbicide persistence on herbicide ac
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




tivity - (correct answer) - -
cx cx cx cx cxcx




Fine textured soils or soils with high organic matter often require higher herbicide rates than soils with c
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




oarser texture or low organic matter.
cx cx cx cx cx




-
Some herbicides prohibit product use on certain soils with a light texture, low organic matter, or high pH
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




to guard against excessive plant damage or herbicide persistence.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-Excessive leaching on sandy soils with shallow water tables may result in groundwater contamination.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Ch.2 Describe how and when to make a basal-bark treatment - (correct answer) - -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cxcx




Apply spray to lower 18 inches of stems
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-Thoroughly wet stem, crown, and exposed roots cx cx cx cx cx cx




-
Can make treatments throughout the year as long as the bark is not wet or when snow or water prevent
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




spraying to the ground
cx cx cx cx




Ch.2 Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment - (correct answer) - -
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cxcx




Recommended for plants with thick bark or trunk is greater than 5 inches in diameter.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-
Thoroughly wet plant so runoff covers barks, crown buds, exposed roots, root collar, outer portion of cu
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




t surface.
cx




-Should be applied to cut surface before exposed plant tissue dries, within 2-3 hours.
cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




Ch.2 List steps to take when applying herbicides to minimize adverse effects in urban areas -
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(correct answer) - -Prevent spray drift, drift of volatile products, runoff.
cx cx cx cxcx cx cx cx cx cx cx cx




-
Spray when weeds are most susceptible so the minimum amount of herbicide results in maximum weed
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control.
x




-Use less volatile formations
cx cx cx




-Apply on days when temps are less than 80 degrees F
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-Avoid spraying during midsummer; garden plants and vegetables are more susceptible.
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-Avoid applying herbicides on dry, compacted soils
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-Keep pesticides off impermeable surfaces
cx cx cx cx