465 Midterm Exam 159 Correct Complete Solutions.

465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Define the mand: - ANSWER a verbal response evoked by an EO and maintained by reinforcement
specific to that EO and response.



Better to determine mands by putting control in _________________ and _________________. -
ANSWER antecedents and consequences



"A mand is a type of verbal operant singled out by its _____________________. It is not a formal unit of
analysis. No response can be said to be a mand by its form alone." (p. 36) - ANSWER controlling variables



"The mand, however, works primarily for the benefit of the ___________________" (p. 36) - ANSWER
speaker



1._____________________:

-inanimate object (doll)

-stimulus generalization

- some physical features alike

-manded for snack at store, not at library

-manded to loved ones picture who has passed away



2. _____________________:

- inanimate object

- no stimulus generalization

- (roll dice) "Come on seven! Stop raining!"



3. ______________________:

,465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
- not inanimate object

-improbability of it coming true is what makes it magical

-ex: I wish 10000$ would drop into my lap - ANSWER 1. Extended Mand

2. Superstitious Mand

3. Magical Mand



Define verbal behavior: - ANSWER Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener; includes
both vocal verbal behavior and nonvocal-verbal behavior



Two types of behavior: - ANSWER Direct Acting (no other people involved) and Indirect (reinforcement
mediated by another person)



VB is NOT focused on the behavior of the __________________ - ANSWER listener (the bx of the listener
is not verbal behavior)



The interchange between the speaker and listener is the __________________. - ANSWER total verbal
episode



Traditional Formulation: Expression

-Language begins on the __________________. - ANSWER Inside

(expression of ideas, images in the speakers mind,



Problem with Traditional Formulation: Expression? - ANSWER Can't scientifically study and measure
inside events / expressions



Identifying the _________ of a word in VB is NOT helpful - ANSWER meaning



Goals of a New Formulation: Verbal Behavior? - ANSWER description and explanation (prediction,
control)

,465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.

New Formulation: Verbal Behavior

- Analysis of ____________ and _______________ (NOT as a group) - ANSWER Speaker and listener



How is meaning found in VB? - ANSWER In the independent variables (antecedents and consequences)
controlling the behaviors

-Meaning is NOT found in the DV (the bx)



VB is any ____________ that can affect another person (not only speech, but also writing, typing, sign
language, etc.) - ANSWER movement



Goal of prediction in VB: predict a ________________ - ANSWER Response Class; not a specific response

ex: instead of just "pass the salt" include any behavior that results in access to the salt



What is a unit of VB? - ANSWER • A bit of verbal behavior with one controlling variable

• Dog may evoke "dog" or "oh, wonderful canine"—both one unit



Measures of VB: - ANSWER -Probability

-Emmission

-Energy Level

-Speed

-Repetition



1. __________________: likelihood of occurring under certain circumstances; related to "operant
strength"

2. __________________: if emitted, at strength • If lots of this occurs, very strong operant/repertoire

3. __________________: loud to soft, firm/light writing

4. __________________: fast = strong, slow = weak; latency from question

, 465 Midterm Exam 159 CORRECT
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
5. __________________: a lot = strong, less = weak (e.g., "No, no, no!") - ANSWER 1. Probability

2. Emission

3. Energy level

4. Speed

5. Repetition



Skinner argues *against* 1. _____________ and encourages a 2. ________________. - ANSWER 1.
formal analysis

2. functional analysis



when we do early verbal behavior training, teach one word or phrase per ___________1__________;
additional words are more _________2_________. - ANSWER 1. function

2. formal



Types of IV's in VB? - ANSWER -Positive Reinforcement (establishing, maintaining)

-Shaping (important for early verbal development)

-Extinction (reduce verbal behaviors)

-Stimulus Control (not responsible for early babbling- stimulus discrimination: stimuli evoke behavior
based on past SR+)

-Motivating Operations (deprivation, aversive stimulation)



5 verbal operants: - ANSWER Intraverbals

Textual

Tact

Mand

Echoic



(INSIDE) Free Will: - ANSWER mental activity; not physical influences in behavior