cardiovascular Flash cards

Cardiovascular System Flash cards


***Heart
Layers and Membranes
 Pericardium: Two-layered membrane forming U-shaped pericardial sac
 Outer layer: Parietal pericardium
 Inner layer: Epicardium


 Pericardial fluid between layers
 Myocardium: Muscular layer beneath epicardium
 Endocardium: Innermost layer lining chambers and valves
—Located in the thoracic cavity
— size of a fist
***Chambers and Valves
Four chambers: Two upper atria and two lower ventricles
—Four valves:
 Right side: Tricuspid valve (between right atrium and ventricle) and pulmonary valve
 Left side: Mitral valve (between left atrium and ventricle) and aortic valve

—Disease- Myocardial infarction, Angina pectoris (warning sign for a heart attack),
arrhythmia, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure
—Medication/Procedure- Cardioversion, ACE inhibitors, anti-hypertension Beta blockers
—Medical test- Cardiac exercise stress test, vital signs, pulse rate, EKG


**Blood vessels
 there are three kinds of vessels, each of which performs a different function:
 Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
—Large blood vessels that branch into smaller vessels called arteries.
 Veins- carry blood toward the heart
—Form capillaries, blood moves into venues
 Capillaries- connect arteries and veins