NURSING 220 MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Preoperative nursing assessment - Answer-CSM, pain, skin integrity, preparation for
surgery, hydration, NPO.
Postoperative nursing assessment - Answer-Vitals, dressing changes, drainage,
ambulation, medications, pain, hydration, bowels and bladder, referrals, patient
education.
Compartment syndrome - Answer-Increased tissue pressure within a limited space.
Symptoms include: pain, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness, poikilothermia, parathesia.
Symptoms of infection - Answer--Tenderness
-Pain
-Redness
-Swelling
-Warmth
-Purulent
-Delayed union
-Elevated temperature
Deep vein thrombosis - Answer-Large blood clot in the calf. Symptoms include:
swelling, warmth, and tenderness of the area.
Hip fracture - Answer-Femoral, neck, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric. Head and
neck fractures are treated with insertion of a femoral head prosthesis. Trochanteric
fractures are treated with compression screws.
Total hip arthroplasty - Answer-Results from severe trauma, osteoarthritis, or a previous
failed surgery. Hip must remain at <90 degrees of flexion during recovery.
Hypertension - Answer-Persistent elevation of systolic 140mmHg and diastolic
90mmHg.
Primary hypertension - Answer-Elevated blood pressure without an identified cause, 90-
95% of clients.
Secondary hypertension - Answer-Elevated blood pressure with a specific cause that
can be identified and corrected, 5-10% of patients.
, Target organ damage - Answer-Cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral
vascular disease, renal damange, or retinal damage.
Drug therapy for hypertension - Answer-Aim to reduce CO and decrease circulating
blood volume with a BP of 130/80 or lower.
Initial drug therapy: thiazide diuretic, ACE-I, ARB, long-acting CCB, Beta blockers.
Secondary drug therapy: dual, triple, quadruple combos.
Coronary artery disease - Answer-Arterial blood flow is under higher pressure.
Progressive narrowing of coronary arteries.
Collateral circulation - Answer-Develops to compensate for low output states, such as
heart failure, and provides an alternate route for blood and oxygen to myocardial tissues
when arteries are occluded.
Cardiac arteries - Answer-1. Right coronary artery
2. Left anterior descending coronary artery
3. Left circumflex coronary artery
4. Left main coronary artery
Atherosclerosis - Answer-Endothelial lining of the arteries reacts to hyperlipidemia and
hypertension, inflammatory response. Platelets are activated, adhering to blood vessel
walls.
Stable plaque - Answer-Impedes blood flow to myocardial tissues. No occlusion.
Unstable plaque - Answer-Plaque rupture, platelet aggregation precipitates an acute
coronary event.
High density lipoprotein - Answer-Transport cholesterol to liver for excretion, beneficial
effect on arterial wall.
Low density lipoprotein - Answer-Harmful effects including increased inflammation of
artery walls.
Metabolic syndrome - Answer-Precursors include: abdominal obesity, blood fat
disorders, elevated BP, insulin resistance or glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state.
Impaired myocardial perfusion - Answer-Symptoms include: angina, chest pain, usually
precipitated by exercise.
Stable: relieved at rest.
Unstable: no pattern.
Silent ischemia: no pain, often in women.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
Preoperative nursing assessment - Answer-CSM, pain, skin integrity, preparation for
surgery, hydration, NPO.
Postoperative nursing assessment - Answer-Vitals, dressing changes, drainage,
ambulation, medications, pain, hydration, bowels and bladder, referrals, patient
education.
Compartment syndrome - Answer-Increased tissue pressure within a limited space.
Symptoms include: pain, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness, poikilothermia, parathesia.
Symptoms of infection - Answer--Tenderness
-Pain
-Redness
-Swelling
-Warmth
-Purulent
-Delayed union
-Elevated temperature
Deep vein thrombosis - Answer-Large blood clot in the calf. Symptoms include:
swelling, warmth, and tenderness of the area.
Hip fracture - Answer-Femoral, neck, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric. Head and
neck fractures are treated with insertion of a femoral head prosthesis. Trochanteric
fractures are treated with compression screws.
Total hip arthroplasty - Answer-Results from severe trauma, osteoarthritis, or a previous
failed surgery. Hip must remain at <90 degrees of flexion during recovery.
Hypertension - Answer-Persistent elevation of systolic 140mmHg and diastolic
90mmHg.
Primary hypertension - Answer-Elevated blood pressure without an identified cause, 90-
95% of clients.
Secondary hypertension - Answer-Elevated blood pressure with a specific cause that
can be identified and corrected, 5-10% of patients.
, Target organ damage - Answer-Cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral
vascular disease, renal damange, or retinal damage.
Drug therapy for hypertension - Answer-Aim to reduce CO and decrease circulating
blood volume with a BP of 130/80 or lower.
Initial drug therapy: thiazide diuretic, ACE-I, ARB, long-acting CCB, Beta blockers.
Secondary drug therapy: dual, triple, quadruple combos.
Coronary artery disease - Answer-Arterial blood flow is under higher pressure.
Progressive narrowing of coronary arteries.
Collateral circulation - Answer-Develops to compensate for low output states, such as
heart failure, and provides an alternate route for blood and oxygen to myocardial tissues
when arteries are occluded.
Cardiac arteries - Answer-1. Right coronary artery
2. Left anterior descending coronary artery
3. Left circumflex coronary artery
4. Left main coronary artery
Atherosclerosis - Answer-Endothelial lining of the arteries reacts to hyperlipidemia and
hypertension, inflammatory response. Platelets are activated, adhering to blood vessel
walls.
Stable plaque - Answer-Impedes blood flow to myocardial tissues. No occlusion.
Unstable plaque - Answer-Plaque rupture, platelet aggregation precipitates an acute
coronary event.
High density lipoprotein - Answer-Transport cholesterol to liver for excretion, beneficial
effect on arterial wall.
Low density lipoprotein - Answer-Harmful effects including increased inflammation of
artery walls.
Metabolic syndrome - Answer-Precursors include: abdominal obesity, blood fat
disorders, elevated BP, insulin resistance or glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state.
Impaired myocardial perfusion - Answer-Symptoms include: angina, chest pain, usually
precipitated by exercise.
Stable: relieved at rest.
Unstable: no pattern.
Silent ischemia: no pain, often in women.
