NURSING 220 EXAM REPORTED QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS

NURSING 220 EXAM REPORTED QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS Type of diet for cancer and HIV patients with wasting: - Answer-high-calorie, high-protein diet Even with adequate energy and nutrients, some cancer patients fail to regain: - Answer-lean tissue due to metabolic abnormalities Ways to increase energy and protein in meals: - Answer--eat more high fat meats -inc. cheese and milk in meals -liquid/protein supplements between meals -eat the most nutrient dense item first -caloric beverages Recommendations on ways to combat bitter/metallic taste perceptions in cancer paints: - Answer--brush teeth/use mouthwash before eating -eat foods at room temperature/chilled -instead of meats: eat eggs, fish, poultry and milk products -experiment w/sauces, spices, and sweeteners -save favorite foods for when not feeling nauseated Primary goal of nutrition therapy for HIV patients: - Answer--maintain body weight and lean muscle mass -prevent malnutrition Food safety is particularly important for HIV patients b/c: - Answer-they have depressed immunity and are at high risk for food borne infections Energy requirement for HIV patients with wasting: - Answer-35-45 kcals/kg body weight Protein requirement for HIV patients with wasting: - Answer-2-2.5 g/kg body weight Recommendations for patients w/decreased appetite: - Answer--eat small meals/snacks at a regular time each day -eat largest meal of day when feeling the best -include nutrient dense foods in meals -eat fav. foods throughout the day -serve food attractively -avoid drinking a lot of liquids before/with meals -eat in relaxed env't -appetite enhancing medications Nutrient density: - Answer-a measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides (the more nutrients & the few calories, the higher the nutrient density) Is 1 cup of fat-free milk or 1 1/2 oz. of cheddar cheese more nutrient dense: - Answer-fat-free milk 5 Daily food guide groups: - Answer-1. Fruits 2. Vegetables 3. Grains 4. Protein foods 5. Milk products Food group that is not a basic member of the daily food guide b/c it supplies kcals, but few nutrients: - Answer-solid fats and sugars How to calculate kcals and % of kcals from grams of carbohydrates: - Answer-carb kcals = grams of carbs X 4 kcal/g carbohydrate kcals divided by total kcals = product X 100 = % of kcals from carbs How to calculate kcals and % of kcals from grams of protein: - Answer-protein kcals = grams of protein X 4 kcal/g protein kcals divided by total kcals = product X 100 = % of kcals from protein How to calculate kcals and % of kcals from grams of fat: - Answer-fat kcals = grams of fat X 9 kcal/g fat kcals divided by total kcals = product X 100 = % of kcals from fat Simple carbohydrates: - Answer--monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, and galactose -disaccharides: sucrose, lactose, and maltose Complex carbohydrates: - Answer-polysaccharides: glycogen, starch, and some fiber Storage of glucose: - Answer-first stored as glycogen, then stored as body fat 4 Functions of fat: - Answer-1. provides energy 2. nourishes scalp, hair, and complexion 3. insulates body 4. cushions vital organs Saturated fats: - Answer-every bond is filled with hydrogen (mostly animal fats) Unsaturated fats: - Answer-some hydrogens are missing (mostly vegetable sources) Nitrogen balance: - Answer-when nitrogen in = nitrogen out Positive nitrogen balance and examples: - Answer-nitrogen in > nitrogen out ex: children and pregnant women Negative nitrogen balance and examples: - Answer-nitrogen in < nitrogen out ex: fasting/starving, trauma, or stress Main function of proteins: - Answer--growth maintenance and repair tissue -provide energy and glucose Chemical element unique in proteins: - Answer-nitrogen Bile: - Answer-emulsifier of fat Peristalsis: - Answer-successive wave of involuntary muscular contractions passing along the walls of GI tract that push contents along Ketones: - Answer--acidic fat-related compounds -made from fat when person is in prolonged fasting -can fuel parts of the brain during fasting/starvation, but not too reliable 5 Hazards that occur in body during fasting: - Answer-1. wasting of lean tissue 2. impairment of disease resistance 3. dec. body temp. 4. disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance 5. energy deficit b/c fat can't fuel brain/nervous system