N524 exam 2 Q&A ALREADY PASSED
what are risk factors of integument? - =- history of rashes, lesions, bruising, allergies
- exposures to sun, chemicals
- piercings or tattoos
- degree of mobility
- nutritional status
what does an integument assessment consist of? - =- identifying risk factors
- inspection and palpation
what is redness of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =erythema
what is the collection of blood in the subcutaneous tissue during an integumentary assessment? -
=ecchymosis
what is hemorrhagic spots or capillary bleeding during an integumentary assessment? -
=petechiae
what is bluish or grayish color of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =cyanosis
what is yellowing color of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =jaundice
what is paleness of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =pallor
what is excessive perspiration of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =disphoresis
what is elasticity of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =turgor
what is excess fluid of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =edema
what are the 3 structures of the skin? - =epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
what is the epidermis layer? - =- protective waterproof layer of keratin
- cells that have no blood vessels of their own
- regenerates easily and quickly
what is the dermis layer? - =- elastic tissue made primarily of collagen
- nerves, hair follicles, glands, immune cells, and blood vessels
, what is the subcutaneous layer? - =anchors the skin layers to underlying tissues
what are the functions of the skin? - =- protection
- body temperature regulation
- psychosocial
- sensation
- vitamin d production
- immunologic
- absorption
- elimination
what factors affect the skin? - =- unbroken and healthy skin and mucous membranes defend
against harmful agents
- resistance to injury is affected by age, amount of underlying tissues, and illness
- adequately nourished and hydrated body cells are resistant to injury
- adequate circulation is necessary to maintain cell life
what are some developmental considerations of the skin? - =- in children younger than 2 years,
the skin is thinner and weaker than it is in adults
- an infant's skin and mucous membranes are easily injured and subject to infection; a child's skin
becomes increasingly resistant to injury and infection
- the structure of the skin changes as a person ages; the maturation of epidermal cells is
prolonged, leading to thin, easily damaged skin
- older adults: circulation and collagen formation are impaired, leading to decreased elasticity
and increased risk for tissue damages from pressure
what are common skin variations in the older adult? - =- subcutaneous and dermal tissues thin
- activity of sebaceous and sweat glands decreases
- cell renewal is shorter
- melanocytes (cells that make the pigment that colors hair and skin) decrease
- collagen fiber is less organized
what are some causes of skin alterations? - =- very thin and very obese people are more
susceptible to skin injury
- fluid loss during illness causes dehydration and predisposes skin to breakdown
- jaundice causes yellowish, itchy skin
- diseases of the skin, such as eczema and psoriasis, may cause lesions that require special care
what are the types of wounds? - =- intentional or unintentional
- neuropathic or vascular
what are risk factors of integument? - =- history of rashes, lesions, bruising, allergies
- exposures to sun, chemicals
- piercings or tattoos
- degree of mobility
- nutritional status
what does an integument assessment consist of? - =- identifying risk factors
- inspection and palpation
what is redness of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =erythema
what is the collection of blood in the subcutaneous tissue during an integumentary assessment? -
=ecchymosis
what is hemorrhagic spots or capillary bleeding during an integumentary assessment? -
=petechiae
what is bluish or grayish color of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =cyanosis
what is yellowing color of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =jaundice
what is paleness of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =pallor
what is excessive perspiration of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =disphoresis
what is elasticity of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =turgor
what is excess fluid of the skin during an integumentary assessment? - =edema
what are the 3 structures of the skin? - =epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
what is the epidermis layer? - =- protective waterproof layer of keratin
- cells that have no blood vessels of their own
- regenerates easily and quickly
what is the dermis layer? - =- elastic tissue made primarily of collagen
- nerves, hair follicles, glands, immune cells, and blood vessels
, what is the subcutaneous layer? - =anchors the skin layers to underlying tissues
what are the functions of the skin? - =- protection
- body temperature regulation
- psychosocial
- sensation
- vitamin d production
- immunologic
- absorption
- elimination
what factors affect the skin? - =- unbroken and healthy skin and mucous membranes defend
against harmful agents
- resistance to injury is affected by age, amount of underlying tissues, and illness
- adequately nourished and hydrated body cells are resistant to injury
- adequate circulation is necessary to maintain cell life
what are some developmental considerations of the skin? - =- in children younger than 2 years,
the skin is thinner and weaker than it is in adults
- an infant's skin and mucous membranes are easily injured and subject to infection; a child's skin
becomes increasingly resistant to injury and infection
- the structure of the skin changes as a person ages; the maturation of epidermal cells is
prolonged, leading to thin, easily damaged skin
- older adults: circulation and collagen formation are impaired, leading to decreased elasticity
and increased risk for tissue damages from pressure
what are common skin variations in the older adult? - =- subcutaneous and dermal tissues thin
- activity of sebaceous and sweat glands decreases
- cell renewal is shorter
- melanocytes (cells that make the pigment that colors hair and skin) decrease
- collagen fiber is less organized
what are some causes of skin alterations? - =- very thin and very obese people are more
susceptible to skin injury
- fluid loss during illness causes dehydration and predisposes skin to breakdown
- jaundice causes yellowish, itchy skin
- diseases of the skin, such as eczema and psoriasis, may cause lesions that require special care
what are the types of wounds? - =- intentional or unintentional
- neuropathic or vascular
