4th Edition Essential Cell Biology
What two factors do changes in pH affect in a molecule? - The charge and the polarity
Polymers - Polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids
Glucose and sugars all consist of ____ - Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Sugars can be converted in to - Amino acids, or components that will become fats
There are ______ amino acids - 20
When two monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis, what occurs? - The
OH of one group leaves, and the H of another group leaves, leaving the OH carbon free
to bind with the Hydrogen-less oxygen.
In order for a condensation reaction to occur - Energy is required
Where does the energy for a condensation reaction come from? - The monomer is
bound to a carrier molecule of some sort (involves ATP). A high energy bond is created,
fueling the bond between the two monomers.
What is the carrier molecule for amino acids? - tRNA
Covalent Bond - Stable chemical link between two atoms produced by sharing one or
more pairs of electrons
Hydrogen bond - A weak noncovalent interaction between a positively charged
hydrogen atom in one molecule, and a negatively charged atom, such as a nitrogen or
oxygen, in another; these interactions are key to the structure and properties of water
Van der Waals forces - Weak, noncovalent interaction, due to fluctuating electrical
charges, that comes into play between two atoms within a short distance of each other
Hydrophobic interaction - Type of noncovalent bond that forces together the
hydrophobic portions of dissolved molecules to minimize the disruption of the
hydrogen-bonded network of water; helps push together membrane phopsholipids and
fold proteins into a compact globular shape.
What two factors do changes in pH affect in a molecule? - The charge and the polarity
Polymers - Polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids
Glucose and sugars all consist of ____ - Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Sugars can be converted in to - Amino acids, or components that will become fats
There are ______ amino acids - 20
When two monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis, what occurs? - The
OH of one group leaves, and the H of another group leaves, leaving the OH carbon free
to bind with the Hydrogen-less oxygen.
In order for a condensation reaction to occur - Energy is required
Where does the energy for a condensation reaction come from? - The monomer is
bound to a carrier molecule of some sort (involves ATP). A high energy bond is created,
fueling the bond between the two monomers.
What is the carrier molecule for amino acids? - tRNA
Covalent Bond - Stable chemical link between two atoms produced by sharing one or
more pairs of electrons
Hydrogen bond - A weak noncovalent interaction between a positively charged
hydrogen atom in one molecule, and a negatively charged atom, such as a nitrogen or
oxygen, in another; these interactions are key to the structure and properties of water
Van der Waals forces - Weak, noncovalent interaction, due to fluctuating electrical
charges, that comes into play between two atoms within a short distance of each other
Hydrophobic interaction - Type of noncovalent bond that forces together the
hydrophobic portions of dissolved molecules to minimize the disruption of the
hydrogen-bonded network of water; helps push together membrane phopsholipids and
fold proteins into a compact globular shape.
