Triola Elementary Statistics 14e
Chapter 1 Test
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an experiment or an observational study. A stock analyst
selects a stock from a group of twenty for investment by choosing the stock with the greatest earnings per share
reported for the last quarter.
A) Observational study B) Experiment
Objective: Exam A
2) Identify which type of sampling is used. The name of each contestant is written on a separate card, the cards are
placed in a bag, and three names are picked from the bag.
A) Stratified
B) Simple Random
C) Convenience
D) Cluster
E) Systematic
Objective: Exam A
3) Identify which type of sampling is used. To avoid working late, a quality control analyst simply inspects the first
100 items produced in a day.
A) Stratified
B) Simple Random
C) Convenience
D) Systematic
E) Cluster
Objective: Exam A
4) An education expert is researching teaching methods and wishes to interview teachers from a particular school
district. She randomly selects ten schools from the district and interviews all of the teachers at the selected schools.
Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Explain.
A) Yes; yes. The sample is random because all teachers have the same chance of being selected. It is a simple
random sample because all samples have the same chance of being selected.
B) Yes; no. The sample is random because all teachers have the same chance of being selected. It is not a simple
random sample because some samples are not possible, such as a sample that includes teachers from schools
that were not selected.
C) No; yes. The sample is not random because teachers in small schools are more likely to be selected than
teachers in larger schools. It is a simple random sample because all samples have the same chance of being
selected.
D) No; no. The sample is not random because teachers in small schools are more likely to be selected than
teachers in larger schools. It is not a simple random sample because some samples are not possible, such as a
sample that includes teachers from schools that were not selected.
Objective: Exam A
5) Identify the type of observational study used. A town obtains current employment data by polling 10,000 of its
citizens this month.
A) Retrospective B) Cross-sectional C) Prospective D) None of these
Objective: Exam A
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6) Determine whether the given value is a discrete or continuous variable. People are asked to state how many times 13) A psychology student wishes to investigate differences in political opinions between business majors and political
in the last month they visited their family doctor. science majors at her college. She randomly selects 100 students from the 260 business majors and 100 students
A) Continuous B) Discrete from the 180 political science majors. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample?
Objective: Exam A Explain.
A) Yes; yes. The sample is random because all students have the same chance of being selected. It is a simple
7) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Students' grades, A, B, or C, on a test. random sample because all samples of size 200 have the same chance of being selected.
A) Nominal B) Interval C) Ratio D) Ordinal B) No; yes. The sample is not random because political science majors have a greater chance of being selected
than business majors. It is a simple random sample because all samples of size 200 have the same chance of
Objective: Exam A
being selected.
C) Yes; no. The sample is random because all students have the same chance of being selected. It is not a simple
8) A tax auditor selects every 1000th income tax return that is received. Identify which of these types of sampling is random sample because some samples are not possible, such as a sample consisting of 50 business majors
used. and 150 political science majors.
A) Stratified D) No; no. The sample is not random because political science majors have a greater chance of being selected
B) Systematic than business majors. It is not a simple random sample because some samples are not possible, such as a
C) Cluster sample consisting of 50 business majors and 150 political science majors.
D) Convenience
Objective: Exam A
E) Simple Random
Objective: Exam A
14) Correlation does not imply ________.
A) significance B) causation C) bias D) linearity
9) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. Thirty percent of all dog owners poop scoop after
Objective: Exam A
their dog.
A) Parameter B) Statistic
15) There are many potential pitfalls that can cause problems when analyzing data. Which of these choices are not
Objective: Exam A
classified as a potential pitfall?
A) Self-reported data B) Order of survey questions
10) Determine whether the given value is from a discrete or continuous data set. The time it takes a computer to C) Nonresponse D) Measured data
complete a task.
Objective: Exam A
A) Continuous B) Discrete
Objective: Exam A
16) A management survey for a company surveyed 235 employees. 44.7% of the employees surveyed were females.
The number of males would be ________.
11) On a test, 74% of the questions are answered correctly. If 111 questions are correct, how many questions are on the A) 13 B) 130
test? C) 105 D) Unable to determine
A) 37 questions B) 150 questions C) 67 questions D) 82 questions
Objective: Exam A
Objective: Exam A
17) What type of data values are quantitative and the number of values is finite or countable?
12) Researchers collect data by interviewing athletes who have won Olympic gold medals from 1992 to 2016. Identify A) Categorical B) Interval C) Discrete D) Continuous
the type of study.
Objective: Exam A
A) Retrospective B) Prospective C) Cross-sectional D) None of these
Objective: Exam A
18) A ________ is the collection of data from every member of the population.
A) placebo B) sample C) census D) statistic
Objective: Exam A
19) A ________ is the complete collection of all measurements or data collected, whereas, a ________ is a subcollection
of members selected from the complete collection.
A) population; sample B) population; parameter
C) sample; census D) sample; population
Objective: Exam A
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20) The four levels of measurement that are commonly used for classifying data are ratio, ________, ________, and 29) Identify which type of sampling is used. A research team wants to study the demographics of college students in
________. the United States using proportionate samples of students in majors reflecting actual U.S. percentages.
A) nominal; ordinal; interval B) interval; normal; ordinary A) Cluster
C) normal; ordinal; interval D) nominal; ordinal; categorical B) Convenience
Objective: Exam A C) Stratified
D) Systematic
21) Identify which type of sampling is used. A pollster uses a computer to generate 500 random numbers, then E) Simple random
interviews the voters corresponding to those numbers. Objective: Exam B
A) Convenience B) Cluster C) Systematic D) Stratified E) Random
Objective: Exam B 30) A marijuana survey included 1610 responses from a list of approximately 241,500,000 adults in the United States
from which every 150,000th name was surveyed. Identify which of these types of sampling is used:
22) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. After taking the first exam, 15 of the students A) Cluster
dropped the class. B) Systematic
A) Parameter B) Statistic C) Stratified
Objective: Exam B D) Simple random
E) Convenience
Objective: Exam B
23) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Students' grades of A, B, or C, on a test.
A) Ordinal B) Interval C) Nominal D) Ratio
Objective: Exam B 31) A gardener has 75 clients, 45% of whom are businesses. Find the number of business clients.
A) 73 clients B) 41 clients C) 36 clients D) 34 clients
Objective: Exam B
24) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Level of satisfaction of survey
respondents.
A) Interval B) Ordinal C) Ratio D) Nominal 32) A marketing firm does a survey to find out how many people use a product. Of the one hundred people contacted,
Objective: Exam B fifteen said they use the product. Identify the type of study used.
A) Observational study B) Experiment
Objective: Exam B
25) Identify which type of sampling is used. A tax auditor selects every 1000th income tax return that is received.
A) Stratified B) Cluster C) Random D) Systematic E) Convenience
Objective: Exam B 33) The similarity between an ordinal level of measurement and an interval level of measurement is that ________.
A) differences between data values can be determined and are meaningful
B) both can be arranged in some order
26) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. A political
C) differences between data values cannot be determined or are meaningless
pollster reports that his candidate has a 10% lead in the polls with 10% undecided.
D) neither can be arranged in some order
A) Experiment B) Observational study
Objective: Exam B
Objective: Exam B
34) Which of the following does not apply to the ratio level of measurement?
27) Identify the type of study used. A town obtains current employment data by polling 10,000 of its citizens this
A) Differences between data values can be found and are meaningful
month.
B) Cannot be arranged in order
A) Retrospective B) Cross-sectional C) Prospective D) None of these
C) There is a natural zero starting point
Objective: Exam B D) Can be arranged in order
Objective: Exam B
28) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. A doctor gives a
new medication to half of his patients with the flu and a placebo to the other half of his patients with the flu.
35) Determine which level of measurement is appropriate. A sample of children's balls are classified from softest to
A) Observational study B) Experiment
hardest.
Objective: Exam B A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Ratio D) Interval
Objective: Exam B
36) Determine which level of measurement is appropriate. Salaries of college professors.
A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Ratio D) Interval
Objective: Exam B
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37) Which of the following is an inappropriate way to deal with missing data? 45) Given the data in the table, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of the values?
A) Determine if missing values are random B) Ignore missing data
C) Delete cases with missing data D) Substitute missing values Amounts of Saturated Fat (in grams) in Two-Once Regular and Low-Fat Muffins
Objective: Exam B
Regular 4.5 3.5 3.7 5.2 4.9 3.9
38) In a cross-sectional study, data are ________. Low-Fat 1.2 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.6 2.2
A) collected in the future from groups that share common factors
B) observed, measure, and collected over a period of time Objective: Exam C
C) collected from a past time period
D) observed, measured, and collected at one point of time 46) At a school there are two different math classes for children of the same age. The two classes have different
Objective: Exam B teachers. The school principal is interested in gauging the effectiveness of two different teaching methods and asks
each teacher to try one of the methods. At the end of the semester both classes are given the same test and the
39) Which type of experiment separates subjects into groups that are similar but differ in ways that might affect the results are compared. In this experiment, what is the variable of interest? Give some examples of variables which
outcome of the experiment? could be confounding variables.
A) Rigorously controlled design B) Matched pairs design Objective: Exam C
C) Randomized block design D) Completely randomized design
Objective: Exam B 47) A lawyer surveyed a simple random sample of his colleagues and asked them whether they were left-handed or
right-handed. Is this convenience sample likely to provide results typical of all adults in the United States? Do
40) The good design of experiments includes blinding, ________, and ________. convenience samples in general provide good results?
A) internalization; randomization B) replication; experimentation Objective: Exam C
C) replication; voluntary response samples D) replication; randomization
Objective: Exam B 48) Identify the sample and population. Also, determine whether the sample is likely to be representative of the
population. A study is interested in whether men and women are equally likely to vote Democratic, Republican or
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. Independent or not vote in a presidential election. Results were polled through a popular news website.
Objective: Exam C
41) Form a conclusion about statistical significance. Do not make any formal calculations. Either use the results
provided or make subjective judgments about the results. 49) Distinguish between categorical and quantitative data. Give an example of each.
Last year, the average math SAT score for students at one school was 475. The headmaster introduced new
Objective: Exam C
teaching methods hoping to improve scores. This year, the mean math SAT score for a sample of students was 481.
Is there statistically significant evidence that the new teaching method is effective? If the teaching method had no
effect, there would be roughly a 3 in 10 chance of seeing such an increase. Does the result have statistical 50) Explain why using self-reported data instead of measured data is a potential pitfall in data collection. Be sure to
significance? Why or why not? Does the result have practical significance? include an example.
Objective: Exam C Objective: Exam C
42) Why do you think that cluster sampling is frequently used in practice? 51) Explain the difference between stratified and cluster sampling.
Objective: Exam C Objective: Exam C
43) "38% of adults in the United States regularly visit a doctor". This conclusion was reached by a college student after 52) The table shows the weights (in pounds) and monthly incomes (in dollars) of nine randomly selected women
she had questioned 520 randomly selected members of her college. What is wrong with her conclusion? between the ages of 18 and 65.
Objective: Exam C
Weight (lb) 113 132 155 122 166 140 118 129 185
Monthly Income
44) Subscribers of the women's magazine Cosmopolitan are asked to participate in a survey about preferred cereals for
(dollars) 1420 3650 5475 2310 4710 2910 1720 2460 4115
breakfast. Are the results likely to be representative of all women? Of all subscribers of Cosmopolitan? Why or
why not?
If we use statistical methods to conclude that there is a correlation (or relationship or association) between the
Objective: Exam C weights of women and their monthly incomes, can we conclude that by increasing her weight a woman can
increase her monthly income?
Objective: Exam C
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