NURS5315 EXAM 1 LATEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

NURS5315 EXAM 1 LATEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - Answer-compensatory process that leads to increased blood pressure and blood volume to ensure perfusion of the kidneys; important in the continual regulation of blood pressure sodium; potassium; retained - Answer-Aldosterone is stimulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system and stimulates renal reabsorption of _________ and excretion of ________, so that water is _____________. Natiuretic Hormones; RAAS; decrease; sodium; water - Answer-________ are released from atria or ventricle of heart. Work opposite of the ______ (abbrev.) to __________ blood volume by promoting urinary excretion of _________ and _________. Tonicity - Answer-May be used interchangeably with osmolality. Hypotonic - Answer-IV fluid that causes cell swelling Hypertonic; increasing - Answer-__________ IV fluid causes cell shrinking by _______ the osmolality of the intravascular space. Increased Hydrostatic Pressure - Answer-r/t venous obstruction such as hepatic obstruction or prolonged standing, or retention of sodium and water caused by CHF or renal failure Decreased Oncotic Pressure - Answer-R/t decreased plasma protein production often due to liver disease or protein malnutrition Decreased - Answer-Oncotic pressure is ________ in trauma victims, hemorrhage, burns, and cirrhosis of the liver. Ansarca - Answer-Generalized edema is also known as Carbonic Acid - Answer-Biproduct of aerobic metabolism converted from CO2 Lactic Acid - Answer-Biproduct of anaerobic metbolism of glucose Sulfuric Acid - Answer-Byproduct of the oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids Phosphoric Acid - Answer-Byproduct of phosphoproteins and ribonucleotides Ketone Bodies - Answer-Acid byproduct of fat breakdown CO2 + H2O -- H2CO3 -- H+ + HCO3- - Answer-bicarbonate buffer system - represents acid base balance Left - Answer-Side of the bicorbonate buffer system equation that occurs in the lungs Right - Answer-Side of the bicarbonate buffer system that occurs in the kidneys Loss; right; CO2; carbonic acid - Answer-______ of hydrogen ions results in the equation shifting to the ______, meaning the lungs retain more ________ to convert it into _________________. Shift to the left - Answer-Lungs are stimulated to increase ventilation in an effort to expel more CO2 to maintain acid base balance Reabsorption of Bicarbonate - Answer-First line of defense against changes to acid base balance -- occurs in the proximal tubule of the kidney Increase; renin-angiotensis; alkalosis; Normal Saline - Answer-A deficit in the ECF results in an ________ in the reabsorption of bicarb that stimulates the _________________________ which stimulates further reabsorption. This leads to metabolic ______________ secondary to volume depletion. Treatment is volume replacement with _______________. Hydrogen - Answer-For every _______ that is excreted there is one bicarb reabsorbed into the blood. HPO42-; kidneys - Answer-Hydrogen binds with _________ to be excreted from the __________________. Increases; decreases; acidotic - Answer-Ammonia (N4) ________ as the urine pH _________________. This is helpful in _____________ states. Ammonia - Answer-Most is excreted in the urine but the remaining is reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid of the kidney to substitute for potassium. Decreased; decreased; hypo; hyper - Answer-Pathological consequences of metabolic acidosis: _______________ myocardial contractility, __________ cardiac output, catecholamine resistant _______tension and ______kalemia Lactic - Answer-Acidosis that is secondary to hypoxia Keto - Answer-Acidosis from ingestion of acids such as methanol, ethylene glycol, aspirin bicarb; acidosis - Answer-Severe diarrhea, Type 2 renal tubular acidosis leads to loss of ____________ which leads to metabolic ___________. Hydrogen - Answer-Chronic Kidney disease and type 1 renal tubular acidosis cause diminished renal excretion of _________________ which leads to metabolic acidosis. Fluid Resuscitation - Answer-Treatment for lactic acidosis r/t poor organ perfusion Anion Gap - Answer-First step in evaluating metabolic acidosis is to renew the _______________.