DEP2004 FINAL EVALUATION STUDY QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+ 2025
Piaget: - developmental psychologist focused on children's cognitive development.
Piaget said learn to organize information into schemas
Infans adapt information in two ways - assimilation and accommodation.
Accommodation - intake of new data to readjust, refine, expand prior schema or actions.
Assimilation - taking in new information by incorporating it into previous knowledge or
schemas.
stages of cognitive development - birth to 2-3 years sensorimotor (6 sub stages)
experience the world through senses and actions ( looking, touching, mouthing)
Object permanence,
stranger anxiety,
first words.
Primary circular reactions - the first of the three types of feedback loop in sensory motor
intelligence. Involving the infants own body, infants senses motion ( sucking, noise) and
tries to make sense of it.
Stage 1 - Reflexes ( birth -1 month)
Stage 2 - First Acquired Adaptations -----(1-4months) adaption of reflexes, i.e. sucking-
new information taken in by senses and responded to
Secondary Circular Reactions - feedback loop involving people and objects
Stage 3 - Making Interesting Events Last (4-8months) understand how to continue
experience , repetition
Stage 4 - New Adaptation & Anticipation ------(8-12) months :goal directed behavior (
purposeful actions); object permanence.
Tertiary Circular Reactions - feed loop that involves active experimentation and
exploration. Involves creativity, action and ideas
Stage 5 - New Means through Active Experimentation (12-18 months) little scientist(
experiment in order to see); trial and error.
Stage 6 - New Means through Mental Combinations ---- (18-24 months) mental
combinations, deferred imitation, and representational ability.
, Memory - certain amount of experience and maturation in order to process and
remember experiences. ( infants have difficulty storing new memories in their first year
rovee-collier's research shows very early memories possible if - a) situation similar to
real life;
b) motivation high;
c) special measures aid retrieval by acting as reminders
Language development: ------( what develops in two years? ) - Most impressive
intellectual achievement of young child and also of all humans
Receptive vocabulary outpaces expressive vocabulary.
Sounds from birth to two years - 1) Reflexive cries ( newborn)
2) Vocalization---crying, cooing, laughing (2-6 months)
3) Babbling (6-9 months)
4) First words (12 months)
5) Naming explosion (18 months)
6) Many new words ( 16-24 months) many nouns
7) Two word sentences ( 24 months
Theories - Skinner's reinforcement theory - ( theory 1, infants are taught ) quantity and
quality of talking to child affects rate of language development ( learned)
Chomsky's - nativistic- LAD theory - ( theory 2, infants teach themselves) (language
acquisition device)----hypothesized neurological (inborn) structure that prewires all
children for language for language, including basic aspects of intonation, grammar, and
vocabulary
a) Infants innately ready to use their minds to understand and speak whatever language
offered to them
b) They are experience expectant.
Synchrony - ( year1)-----coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant
a) Helps infants learn to read other's emotions and to develop the skills of social
interaction
b) Helps infants learn to express own feelings
c) Imitation is pivotal-usually begins with parent imitating infant.
Attachment theory - is a lasting emotional bond that one person has with another.
a) Attachment begin to form in early infancy and influence a person's close relationships
throughout life.
b) Infants show attachment through proximity-seaking 9i.e. approaching caregiver) and
contact-maintaining (i.e. touching, holding)
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+ 2025
Piaget: - developmental psychologist focused on children's cognitive development.
Piaget said learn to organize information into schemas
Infans adapt information in two ways - assimilation and accommodation.
Accommodation - intake of new data to readjust, refine, expand prior schema or actions.
Assimilation - taking in new information by incorporating it into previous knowledge or
schemas.
stages of cognitive development - birth to 2-3 years sensorimotor (6 sub stages)
experience the world through senses and actions ( looking, touching, mouthing)
Object permanence,
stranger anxiety,
first words.
Primary circular reactions - the first of the three types of feedback loop in sensory motor
intelligence. Involving the infants own body, infants senses motion ( sucking, noise) and
tries to make sense of it.
Stage 1 - Reflexes ( birth -1 month)
Stage 2 - First Acquired Adaptations -----(1-4months) adaption of reflexes, i.e. sucking-
new information taken in by senses and responded to
Secondary Circular Reactions - feedback loop involving people and objects
Stage 3 - Making Interesting Events Last (4-8months) understand how to continue
experience , repetition
Stage 4 - New Adaptation & Anticipation ------(8-12) months :goal directed behavior (
purposeful actions); object permanence.
Tertiary Circular Reactions - feed loop that involves active experimentation and
exploration. Involves creativity, action and ideas
Stage 5 - New Means through Active Experimentation (12-18 months) little scientist(
experiment in order to see); trial and error.
Stage 6 - New Means through Mental Combinations ---- (18-24 months) mental
combinations, deferred imitation, and representational ability.
, Memory - certain amount of experience and maturation in order to process and
remember experiences. ( infants have difficulty storing new memories in their first year
rovee-collier's research shows very early memories possible if - a) situation similar to
real life;
b) motivation high;
c) special measures aid retrieval by acting as reminders
Language development: ------( what develops in two years? ) - Most impressive
intellectual achievement of young child and also of all humans
Receptive vocabulary outpaces expressive vocabulary.
Sounds from birth to two years - 1) Reflexive cries ( newborn)
2) Vocalization---crying, cooing, laughing (2-6 months)
3) Babbling (6-9 months)
4) First words (12 months)
5) Naming explosion (18 months)
6) Many new words ( 16-24 months) many nouns
7) Two word sentences ( 24 months
Theories - Skinner's reinforcement theory - ( theory 1, infants are taught ) quantity and
quality of talking to child affects rate of language development ( learned)
Chomsky's - nativistic- LAD theory - ( theory 2, infants teach themselves) (language
acquisition device)----hypothesized neurological (inborn) structure that prewires all
children for language for language, including basic aspects of intonation, grammar, and
vocabulary
a) Infants innately ready to use their minds to understand and speak whatever language
offered to them
b) They are experience expectant.
Synchrony - ( year1)-----coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant
a) Helps infants learn to read other's emotions and to develop the skills of social
interaction
b) Helps infants learn to express own feelings
c) Imitation is pivotal-usually begins with parent imitating infant.
Attachment theory - is a lasting emotional bond that one person has with another.
a) Attachment begin to form in early infancy and influence a person's close relationships
throughout life.
b) Infants show attachment through proximity-seaking 9i.e. approaching caregiver) and
contact-maintaining (i.e. touching, holding)
