Test Bank - for Davis Advantage for Medical-Surgical Nursing Making Connections to Practice 13th Edition (Hoffman, 2023), All Chapters

Test bank for Davis Advantage for Medical-
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Surgical Nursing: Making Connections to Practice 3rd Editi
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on by Hoffman COMPLETE GUIDE CHAPTER 1-
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71 FULL GUIDE PDF
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Whatsisshypermetropia?s-
sANSWERslongssitedness,swherebyslightsraysconvergencesatsa spointsaftersthesretina,san

dstherforesoutsofsfocus.sNearbysobjectssapphearsblurryswhilesdistantsobjectssaresclearer


whatsissmyopia?s-sANSWERsnear/shortssightedness,sclosesissclear,sfarsissblurry

-
usualsstartssinspubertysandsgetssworsesuntillseyesissfullysgrown.salsosinsverysyoungschildr
en.

conditionssassociatedswithsmyopia?s-sANSWERssquint-
schildhoodseyesspointsinsdiff.sdirections.

lazyseyechildhood,soneseye.sdoesntsdevelopsproperly
glaucomas-sIOCspressure.
cataractss-sdevelpomentsofscloudysatchessinsideslense.
Retinalsdetachments-swherbysretinaspullssawatsfromsthesbloodsvesselsthatsnourishsit

Whatsissastigmatism?s-
sANSWERsFailurestosconverge simagesatsonespointsonsthesfoveas(likeasrefractionsratherst

hansfocusing)

Causessofsastigmatism?s-sANSWERs-Hereditarys-scornealsorslenticular
-Injuriesstosthescornea,ssuchsassinfectionsthatsscarssthescornea
keratoconuss&skertoglobuss-scausessbulgin,sthinnersandsshapeschange.
Somesconditionssofstheseyelids
otherssthatsaffectscorneasorslense

Whatsisspresbyopia?s-
sANSWERsgradualslosssofsyourseyes'sabilitystosfocussonsnearbysobjects.sIt'ssa snaturalspa

rtsofsagings40-65yrs

Aetiologysofsbacterialsconjunctivitis?s-sANSWERsS.Aureus,sSterp.sPneumosorsH.flu
alsosSTIsschlamydiastrachromatis,sN.gonnorheae

whatsissopthalmiasneonatorum?s-
sANSWERschlamydiasorsgonorrheaesinfectionsfromsinfectedsbirthscanalsaffectings20-

40%

,WhatsissEpiscleritiss?s-
sANSWERsInflamationof slocaliasedssuperficialsepisclerasvascularsnetwork, smostscomm

onlysdiffuses(moderatestosseversinflams@1-3smonthsintervals)
-Nodular/focalsepiscleritiss(cansoftenspresentswithsassociatedssystemicsdisease)

WhatsaresthesclassificationsofsAllergicsconjunctivitis?s-
sANSWERstypes1shypersensitivitys-sseasonals(SAC)

perrenials-schronics(PAC)
Atopics-srelatesstoseczemasandsathsma
gaintspappilarys(GPC)
Limbalsandstarsalskertaoconjuctivitiss(VKC)

WhatsissgaintspappilarysAllergicasconjunctivitiss-
sANSWERsinnersliningsofstheseyelidsswellssandsdevelopsssmallsbumps.sKnownsasspapill

ae,sthesesbumpsstendstosformsafterschronicsirritation

whatscanscausesascornealsabbration?s-sANSWERsDirectstrauma
Foreignsbodysbetweenseyelidsandsconjunctiva
Heatsbyscontact
UVsradiations(ArcsEye)

Whatscanscausescornealsulcer?s-
sANSWERscansbessecondarystosabrasivestrauma,spentratingsinjuriessorsprolongedsuseso

fscontactslenses

Whatsaresdendriticsulcers?s-
sANSWERsHerpesssimplexsviruss(HSV)skeratitississthesmostsfrequentscausesofscornealsb

lindness.s
-saggressivestreatments-

SymptomssofsDendriticsulcers?s-sANSWERsPain
Photophobia
Blurredsvision
Tearing
Redness
s-swith sfluoresceinsstainingsandshassasdelicatesbranchingspattern,




Appearancesofsdendriticsulcersonsopthalmoscopy?s-sANSWERs-
sinfectioussepithelialskeratitiss(withscharacteristicsdendriticsulcers)

-neurotrophicskeratopathy
-stromalskeratitissendotheliitiss(classifiedsassdisciform,sdiffuse,sorslinear)

whatsaresthessymptomssofskeraticsprecipitatessandsanteriorsuveitiss-
sANSWERsPain,sgenerallysdevelopingsoversasfewshourssorsdayssexceptsinscasessofstrau

ma:
Redness
Photophobia
Blurredsvision
Increasedslacrimation

,Chronicsanteriorsuveitisspresentssprimarilysassblurredsvisionsandsmildsredness.s
pains&sphotophobiasnormalysonlysduringsacutesepisode.

whatsaresthessymptomssofsposteriorsUveitis?s-sANSWERsBlurredsvisionsandsfloaters
Absencesofssymptomssofsanteriorsuveitiss(ie,spain,sredness,sandsphotophobia)

Allspartssofsthesposteriorschambersmaysbesaffected,sincludingsthesretina,schoroidsandsopt
icsnerve.sItscansbescausedsbysbacterial,sfungal,sviralsandsparasiticsinfections.

WhatsaresthesfindingssofsposteriorsUveitissuponsopthalmoscopy?s-
sANSWERsposteriorsuveitissShowingscandleswaxsdrippingss(white sareas)




Anteriorsuventississlinkedstoswhichsnonsinfectioussdiseases?s-sANSWERs-
Ankyolisingsspondilitis,s
-behcetssyndroms(ulcersseye,mouths&sgenitals),s
-IBS,s
-Juvenilesarthritis,ssarcoidosiss(Granulomatoussdisease),s
-seronegativesarthropathy

Anteriorsuventississlinkedstoswhichsinfectioussdiseases?s-
sANSWERsHSV,sSYphilis,sTBs&svaricella szoster




Intermediatesuventiss(Cillarysbodystosretina)sisslinkedstoswhichsnon-infectioussdisease?s-
sANSWERsLymphoma,sMS sandssarcoidosis




Posteriorsuventiss(Retina,sretinavvessels)sandsPanuverntiss(iris,scilliarysbodysandschoroi
dslayer)s-sisslinkedswhichsnon-infectioussdiseases?s-
sANSWERsBehcetsssydrome,slymphoma,ssarcoidosis2




Posteriorsuventiss(Retina,sretinavvessels)sandsPanuverntiss(iris,scilliarysbodysandschoroi
dslayer)s-sisslinkedswhichsinfectioussdiseases?s-
sANSWERsCMV,sendogenoussencephalitis,ssyphalis.sTBsandsvaricellaszoster

Toxicariss&stoxoplasmosis

Workupsforssuspectedsuveitis?s-sANSWERsCBC,sESR,sAntinuclearsantibodys(ANA),
Rapidsplasmasreagins(RPR)
Venerealsdiseasesresearchslaboratorys(VDRL)
Lymestiter
HLAstestingsforsankylosingsspondylarthroses
Chestsradiographys(tosassesssforssarcoidosissorstuberculosis)
Urinalysiss(forsredsbloodscellssorscasts)
Infectioussworkups(eg,sHIV,stoxoplasmosis),sdependingsonsthespresentation

WhatsissasHYPOpyons-
sANSWERsItsissa sleukocytic sexudate,sseensinsthesanteriorschamber,susuallysaccompanie

dsbysrednesssofsthesconjunctivasandsthesunderlyingsepisclera

-oftensco-
insideswithsbehcetssdisease,sendophthalmitis,spanuveitis/panopthalmitiss&sAversesdrug
sreactions

, whatsaresanteriorssynchiae?s-sANSWERsPeripheralsanteriorssynechiaes(PAS)
Adhesionssbetweensthesirissandstrabecularsmeshwork
PASsresultsfromsprolongedsappositionalscontactsbetweensthesirissandstrabecularsmeshw
ork
PASsmaysreducesoutflowsofsaqueousshumor
Maysleadstosraisedsintraocularspressure

Whatsaresfloaters?s-
sANSWERsSpots,sthreads,sorsfragmentssofscobwebs,swhich sfloatsslowlysbeforesthesobse

rver'sseyes

commonyscollagensbreakingsdownstosfibrils,sretinalstearssandstearsfilmsdebrissofsconjucti
valssurface

whatsarescateractssandshowswillsaspateintspresent?s-
sANSWERsGradualsthickeningsofstheslens.




Hxsofsprogressivesresidualsdeteriationsandsdisturbancesinsnights&snearsvision

charectoristicsofssenilescataracts?s-sANSWERs-decreasedsvisualsacuity
-glare
-Myopiasorsmyopicsshift
-smonocularsdiplopias-
sabnormalscurvaturesof scornealssurfaces,screatedsdoublesvisionsins1 seye!




Whatsissintracapsularsextraction?s-
sANSWERsExtractionsof sentireslens,sincludingsthesposteriorscapsulesandszonules,s

cariesspostoperativescomlications

Whatsissextracapsularsextractions-
sANSWERsremovalsofstheslenssnucleussthroughsansopeningsinsthesanteriorscapsulesands

asrelativelyslargeslimbalsincision,swithsretentionsofsthesintegritysofsthesposteriorscapsule

Whatsissphacoemulsifications-
sANSWERsextractionsofstheslenssnucleussthroughsansopeningsin sthesanteriorscapsule;san

sultrasonicallysdrivensneedlesissusedstosfragmentsthesnucleussofsthescataract;stheslensssu

bstratesissthensaspiratedsthroughsasneedlesportsviasassmallslimbalsorsscleralsincision

Whatsissopticsneuritis?s-
sANSWERsdemyelinatingsinflammationsofsthesopticsnervesthatsoftensoccurssinsassociati

onswithsmultiplessclerosiss(MS)sandsneuromyelitissopticas(NMO)

Signssofsopticsneuritis?s-
sANSWERsDecreasedspupillaryslight sreactionsinsthesaffectedseye:s

Varyingsdegreessofsvisionsreduction:sFromsmildsacuitystoscompletesvisionsloss
Abnormalscontrastssensitivitysandscolorsvision:sInsalmostsallspatientsswithsadultsopticsneu
ritisswhoshavesdecreasedsvisualsacuity
Altitudinalsfieldsdefects
Arcuatesdefects