Articulations
1. What are the two ways joints are classified?
○ What holds them together and how they move. (structure and function)
2. What is a joint?
○ Where a bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth.
3. Most movable joint in your body?
○ Shoulder
4. Weakest joint in your body?
○ Shoulder
5. Strongest joint?
○ Skull
6. Least movable joints?
○ Skull
7. What are the three classifications of structure for joints?
○ Fibrous
○ Cartilaginous
○ Synovial
8. What is the classification of joints by function?
○ Synarthrosis
○ Amphiarthrosis
○ Diarthrosis
9. 3 types of fibrous joints
○ Gomphoses - synarthroses (teeth)
, ○ Sutures - synarthrosis (skull)
○ Syndesmosis - amphiarthrosis (radius and ulna)
10. 2 Types of cartilaginous joints
○ Synchondrosis - synarthrosis (ribs to sternum, growth plate)
○ Symphysis - amphiarthrosis (innominate bones, vertebral discs, meniscus)
11. Types of synovial joints
○ Uniaxial - 1 plane
■ Plane
■ Hinge
■ Pivot
○ Biaxial - 2 planes
■ Condylar
■ Saddle
○ Multiaxial - 3 or more planes
■ Ball and socket
12. What does synovial fluid do?
○ Acts as lubricant, nourishes chondrocytes, absorbs shock
13. What do ligaments do?
○ Connect bone to bone
14. What is a bursae?
○ Sacs (pillows) that have synovial fluid outside the synovial joint to cushion.
15. What are the 4 motions of synovial joints?
○ Gliding
, ○ Angular
○ Rotational
○ Special
16. What's a tendon?
○ Attachment for bone to muscle
Bones/ Cartilage
1. What is avascular?
○ Without veins
2. Is mature cartilage vascular or avascular?
○ Avascular
3. What do chondroblasts do?
○ Build up matrix
4. What do chondrocytes do?
○ maintain , come from chondroblasts
○ In lacunae surrounded by matrix
5. What is the function of cartilage?
○ Support soft tissue
○ Glading surface at articulations
○ Precursor to bone growth
6. What are the two types of cartilage growth?
○ Interstitial growth - growth within matrix, around lacuna, all directions 3D
■ Mitosis in lacuna
■ Converts to chondrocytes when large enough
, ■ Newest growth inside
○ Appositional growth - grows along periphery, outside
■ Mitosis of stem cells around perichondrium
■ Converts to chondrocytes in lacunae
■ Newest growth along edges.
7. How many tissue types do bones have?
○ All four
8. What is the extracellular matrix of bones?
○ Hydroxyapatite
9. Function of bone?
○ Protect
○ Support
○ Movement
○ Hemopoiesis - make blood in spongy bone red marrow
○ Storage of mineral and energy reserves - yellow marrow
■ Calcium is stored in bones to make muscle contract
10. What are the classifications of bones?
○ Long bones
○ Short bones
○ Flat bones
○ Irregular bones
11. What are the parts of a bone?
○ Diaphysis - shaft
1. What are the two ways joints are classified?
○ What holds them together and how they move. (structure and function)
2. What is a joint?
○ Where a bone meets another bone, cartilage, or teeth.
3. Most movable joint in your body?
○ Shoulder
4. Weakest joint in your body?
○ Shoulder
5. Strongest joint?
○ Skull
6. Least movable joints?
○ Skull
7. What are the three classifications of structure for joints?
○ Fibrous
○ Cartilaginous
○ Synovial
8. What is the classification of joints by function?
○ Synarthrosis
○ Amphiarthrosis
○ Diarthrosis
9. 3 types of fibrous joints
○ Gomphoses - synarthroses (teeth)
, ○ Sutures - synarthrosis (skull)
○ Syndesmosis - amphiarthrosis (radius and ulna)
10. 2 Types of cartilaginous joints
○ Synchondrosis - synarthrosis (ribs to sternum, growth plate)
○ Symphysis - amphiarthrosis (innominate bones, vertebral discs, meniscus)
11. Types of synovial joints
○ Uniaxial - 1 plane
■ Plane
■ Hinge
■ Pivot
○ Biaxial - 2 planes
■ Condylar
■ Saddle
○ Multiaxial - 3 or more planes
■ Ball and socket
12. What does synovial fluid do?
○ Acts as lubricant, nourishes chondrocytes, absorbs shock
13. What do ligaments do?
○ Connect bone to bone
14. What is a bursae?
○ Sacs (pillows) that have synovial fluid outside the synovial joint to cushion.
15. What are the 4 motions of synovial joints?
○ Gliding
, ○ Angular
○ Rotational
○ Special
16. What's a tendon?
○ Attachment for bone to muscle
Bones/ Cartilage
1. What is avascular?
○ Without veins
2. Is mature cartilage vascular or avascular?
○ Avascular
3. What do chondroblasts do?
○ Build up matrix
4. What do chondrocytes do?
○ maintain , come from chondroblasts
○ In lacunae surrounded by matrix
5. What is the function of cartilage?
○ Support soft tissue
○ Glading surface at articulations
○ Precursor to bone growth
6. What are the two types of cartilage growth?
○ Interstitial growth - growth within matrix, around lacuna, all directions 3D
■ Mitosis in lacuna
■ Converts to chondrocytes when large enough
, ■ Newest growth inside
○ Appositional growth - grows along periphery, outside
■ Mitosis of stem cells around perichondrium
■ Converts to chondrocytes in lacunae
■ Newest growth along edges.
7. How many tissue types do bones have?
○ All four
8. What is the extracellular matrix of bones?
○ Hydroxyapatite
9. Function of bone?
○ Protect
○ Support
○ Movement
○ Hemopoiesis - make blood in spongy bone red marrow
○ Storage of mineral and energy reserves - yellow marrow
■ Calcium is stored in bones to make muscle contract
10. What are the classifications of bones?
○ Long bones
○ Short bones
○ Flat bones
○ Irregular bones
11. What are the parts of a bone?
○ Diaphysis - shaft
