EXSS 276 EXAM WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
What are the 3 active transport processes? - Answer-Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Vesicular transport
Active is pushing _____ the gradient, going the opposite direction, and is pushing
______. - Answer-against, atp (energy)
What's the most prevalent primary active transport mechanism? - Answer-Na/K pump
Primary active transport requires what percentage of cellular ATP? - Answer-40%
Primary active maintains ______ [Na+] and _____ [K+] in the cytosol. - Answer-low,
high
What maintains and regulates cell volume? - Answer-primary active transport
What regulates cell volume and keeps a low concentration of sodium in the cytosol bc
we're pushing it out and a high concentration of potassium bc we're pushing it in -
Answer-primary active transport
What derived from ATP changes the shape of a transporter protein which pumps a
substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient? - Answer-
energy
What act like doors sometimes and control what gets into and out of the cell? - Answer-
channel proteins
What's another term for action? - Answer-membrane permeability
What is always permeable to small, nonpolar, uncharged molecules; and impermeable
to ions or charged molecules? - Answer-lipid bilayer
What act as channels or transporters that increase the permeability of the membrane? -
Answer-Transmembrane proteins
What are only able to pass thru the plasma membrane by vesicular transport? - Answer-
macromolecules
, The blue on the top of the photo, above the plasma membrane heads, is called what? -
Answer-extraceullular fluid (ECF)
Is ECF inside or outside the cell? - Answer-outside
What is the orange or the inside portion of the cell called? - Answer-cytosol
There is more what outside the cell? - Answer-sodium
There is more what inside the cell? - Answer-potassium
What system in our body works by this imbalance? - Answer-nervous system
What other term do we call this imbalance? - Answer-concentration gradient
What is when you describe a difference between 2 areas? - Answer-gradient
The larger the difference, the bigger or smaller the gradient? - Answer-bigger
Why do we shove more solutes and macromoles if the gradient is already grounded
tho? Why do we need a bigger gradient? - Answer-Because we create a ton of potential
energy, and we call that membrane potential
Are both sodium and potassium are moving against or toward their gradient? - Answer-
against
what kind of active process is this?
* Energy stored in Na+ and H+ ion concentration gradient used to drive other
substances against their own concentration gradients; creates ion gradients
* Uphill transport of one substance coupled with downhill transport of another; usually
Na influx - Answer-secondary transport
moves substrates in the same direction (Na/glucose, Na/K/Cl, Na/Cl) - Answer-
Symporters (contransporters)
moves substrates in opposite directions (Na/Ca exchanger, Na/H exchanger) - Answer-
Antiporters (exchangers)
In what transport process does one ion go down its concentration gradient while the
other is going against it? - Answer-secondary active
science of structure
* Relationships revealed by dissection
* Imaging techniques - Answer-anatomy
SOLUTIONS
What are the 3 active transport processes? - Answer-Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Vesicular transport
Active is pushing _____ the gradient, going the opposite direction, and is pushing
______. - Answer-against, atp (energy)
What's the most prevalent primary active transport mechanism? - Answer-Na/K pump
Primary active transport requires what percentage of cellular ATP? - Answer-40%
Primary active maintains ______ [Na+] and _____ [K+] in the cytosol. - Answer-low,
high
What maintains and regulates cell volume? - Answer-primary active transport
What regulates cell volume and keeps a low concentration of sodium in the cytosol bc
we're pushing it out and a high concentration of potassium bc we're pushing it in -
Answer-primary active transport
What derived from ATP changes the shape of a transporter protein which pumps a
substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient? - Answer-
energy
What act like doors sometimes and control what gets into and out of the cell? - Answer-
channel proteins
What's another term for action? - Answer-membrane permeability
What is always permeable to small, nonpolar, uncharged molecules; and impermeable
to ions or charged molecules? - Answer-lipid bilayer
What act as channels or transporters that increase the permeability of the membrane? -
Answer-Transmembrane proteins
What are only able to pass thru the plasma membrane by vesicular transport? - Answer-
macromolecules
, The blue on the top of the photo, above the plasma membrane heads, is called what? -
Answer-extraceullular fluid (ECF)
Is ECF inside or outside the cell? - Answer-outside
What is the orange or the inside portion of the cell called? - Answer-cytosol
There is more what outside the cell? - Answer-sodium
There is more what inside the cell? - Answer-potassium
What system in our body works by this imbalance? - Answer-nervous system
What other term do we call this imbalance? - Answer-concentration gradient
What is when you describe a difference between 2 areas? - Answer-gradient
The larger the difference, the bigger or smaller the gradient? - Answer-bigger
Why do we shove more solutes and macromoles if the gradient is already grounded
tho? Why do we need a bigger gradient? - Answer-Because we create a ton of potential
energy, and we call that membrane potential
Are both sodium and potassium are moving against or toward their gradient? - Answer-
against
what kind of active process is this?
* Energy stored in Na+ and H+ ion concentration gradient used to drive other
substances against their own concentration gradients; creates ion gradients
* Uphill transport of one substance coupled with downhill transport of another; usually
Na influx - Answer-secondary transport
moves substrates in the same direction (Na/glucose, Na/K/Cl, Na/Cl) - Answer-
Symporters (contransporters)
moves substrates in opposite directions (Na/Ca exchanger, Na/H exchanger) - Answer-
Antiporters (exchangers)
In what transport process does one ion go down its concentration gradient while the
other is going against it? - Answer-secondary active
science of structure
* Relationships revealed by dissection
* Imaging techniques - Answer-anatomy
