Exam 4 Nurse 660
The core symptoms of ADHD are linked to what area of the brain? - answer prefrontal
cortex
Selective attention is due to what area of the PFC malfunctioning? - answer dorsal ACC
(anterior cingulate cortex)
sustained attention and problem solving linked to what area of the brain? – answer
DLPFC
hyperactivity is linked to what area of the brain? - answer prefrontal motor cortex
what test assessing sustained attention? – answer N-back test
where is sustained attention modulated in brain? – answer CSTC loop in the DLPFC
insufficient activation in the DLPFC can cause inattention
"sustaiNed attention- N back"
what test assesses selective attention? - answerStroop test
"Selective, Stroop, Cingulate"
where in the brain is selective attention modulated? - answerthe CSTC loop, Dorsal
anterior cingulate cortex
issues with sustained attention are: - answerdifficulty completing tasks
disorganization
trouble sustaining mental effort
issues with selective attention are: - answerdifficulty with detail
carless mistakes
not listening
losing things
being distracted
forgetting things
what part of the brain modulates impulsitivity? - answerorbitofrontal cortex
what symptoms of impulsitivity are observed? - answertalking excessively
blurting things out
, not waiting ones turn
interrupting
what part of the brain modulates hyperactivity? - answerprefrontal cortex
what are some key observations in the prefrontal cortex as it relates to ADHD? -
answerorbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-- impulsivity and hyperactivity
DLPFC/DaCC-- sustained/selective attention issues
how do NE and DA amounts manifest in relation to fatigue/anxiety? - answertoo little NE
and DA = fatigue
too much = anxiety
what two receptors in the PRC are thought to be involved with ADHD treatment? -
answeralpha 2 a
D1
how does ADHD affect NE and DA levels? - answerNE levels low, signal reduced
DA levels low, noise increased
results in: fidget and inattention
how should you treat NE and DA in adhd? - answerincrease NE
Increase DA
what receptors does NE stimulate in the postsynapse? - answeralpha 2 a; even better
effect when beta1 receptors also stimulated
what effect does DA have on receptors and what does this cause? - answerdecreases
the noise and prevents inappropriate connections from taking place through stimulating
D1 receptors
what effect does NE have on receptors and what does this cause? - answerincreases
the incoming signal and allows for increase connections between prefrontal networks
through stimulation of alpha 2A receptors
what effect do slow dose stimulants have? - answeramplify tonic NE and DA signals
block NET in PFC
block DAT in nucleus accumbens
The core symptoms of ADHD are linked to what area of the brain? - answer prefrontal
cortex
Selective attention is due to what area of the PFC malfunctioning? - answer dorsal ACC
(anterior cingulate cortex)
sustained attention and problem solving linked to what area of the brain? – answer
DLPFC
hyperactivity is linked to what area of the brain? - answer prefrontal motor cortex
what test assessing sustained attention? – answer N-back test
where is sustained attention modulated in brain? – answer CSTC loop in the DLPFC
insufficient activation in the DLPFC can cause inattention
"sustaiNed attention- N back"
what test assesses selective attention? - answerStroop test
"Selective, Stroop, Cingulate"
where in the brain is selective attention modulated? - answerthe CSTC loop, Dorsal
anterior cingulate cortex
issues with sustained attention are: - answerdifficulty completing tasks
disorganization
trouble sustaining mental effort
issues with selective attention are: - answerdifficulty with detail
carless mistakes
not listening
losing things
being distracted
forgetting things
what part of the brain modulates impulsitivity? - answerorbitofrontal cortex
what symptoms of impulsitivity are observed? - answertalking excessively
blurting things out
, not waiting ones turn
interrupting
what part of the brain modulates hyperactivity? - answerprefrontal cortex
what are some key observations in the prefrontal cortex as it relates to ADHD? -
answerorbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-- impulsivity and hyperactivity
DLPFC/DaCC-- sustained/selective attention issues
how do NE and DA amounts manifest in relation to fatigue/anxiety? - answertoo little NE
and DA = fatigue
too much = anxiety
what two receptors in the PRC are thought to be involved with ADHD treatment? -
answeralpha 2 a
D1
how does ADHD affect NE and DA levels? - answerNE levels low, signal reduced
DA levels low, noise increased
results in: fidget and inattention
how should you treat NE and DA in adhd? - answerincrease NE
Increase DA
what receptors does NE stimulate in the postsynapse? - answeralpha 2 a; even better
effect when beta1 receptors also stimulated
what effect does DA have on receptors and what does this cause? - answerdecreases
the noise and prevents inappropriate connections from taking place through stimulating
D1 receptors
what effect does NE have on receptors and what does this cause? - answerincreases
the incoming signal and allows for increase connections between prefrontal networks
through stimulation of alpha 2A receptors
what effect do slow dose stimulants have? - answeramplify tonic NE and DA signals
block NET in PFC
block DAT in nucleus accumbens
