Exam (elaborations) PE: Paper 1 AQA A Level

,fitness - CORRECT ANSWERS-the ability to cope with the demands made during an
individual day to day life

cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWERS-The volume of blood pumped out from the
hearts left ventricles in one minute. stroke volume x heart rate

stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWERS-the volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle
in each contraction

heart rate - CORRECT ANSWERS-number of beats per minute

bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWERS-resting heart rate below 60bpm

venous return - CORRECT ANSWERS-the volume of blood returned to the hearts right
atrium per min via the veins

max heart rate - CORRECT ANSWERS-220-age

starlings law - CORRECT ANSWERS-the greater the force of contraction, the greater
the ejection faction

cardiac hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-increased cardiac muscle mass

cardiac conduction system - CORRECT ANSWERS-a group of specialised cardiac
muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart tissue

sinoatrial node - CORRECT ANSWERS-pacemaker of the heart

atrioventricular node - CORRECT ANSWERS-where the impulse pauses in the cardiac
conduction system

sympathetic - CORRECT ANSWERS-'Fight or flight' - speeds up heart rate

Parasympathetic - CORRECT ANSWERS-Maintains heart rate at rest - slows down
heart rate

Anticipatory Rise - CORRECT ANSWERS-Increase in heart rate in anticipation of an
event

Myogenic - CORRECT ANSWERS-originating in muscle tissue

vascular shunting - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blood can be redistributed to body parts

Chemoreceptors - CORRECT ANSWERS-Detect changes in chemicals

, medulla oblongata - CORRECT ANSWERS-In the brain, motor and sensory neurons
travel through

tidal volume - CORRECT ANSWERS-Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs
per breathe

inspiratory reserve volume - CORRECT ANSWERS-maximum amount of air that can be
forcebly inspired in addition to tidal volume

expiratory reserve volume - CORRECT ANSWERS-maximum amount of air that can be
forcibly expired in addition to tidal volume

vital capacity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Maximum volume of air exhaled after a maximal
inspiration

residual volume - CORRECT ANSWERS-Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a
maximal expiration

total lung capacity - CORRECT ANSWERS-vital capacity + residual volume

minute ventilation - CORRECT ANSWERS-The amount of air moved in and out of the
lungs in 1 min

bohr shift - CORRECT ANSWERS-when an increase in CO2 and a decrease in pH
results in a reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen. graph shifts to the right.

role of the inspiratory centre - CORRECT ANSWERS-responsible for inspiration and
expiration

role of the expiratory centre - CORRECT ANSWERS-stimulates the expiratory muscles
during exercise

The order of neural/chemical control for increased inspiration during exercise is: -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Receptors - medulla oblongata - phrenic nerve - inspiratory
muscles (diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes and pectoralis minor)

The order of neural/chemical control for expiration during exercise is: - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Receptors - medulla oblongata - intercostal nerve - abdominals and internal
intercostals

ball and socket - CORRECT ANSWERS-a joint that allows movement in every direction

hinge joints - CORRECT ANSWERS-a joint that that allows movement in only one
direction