PSYC356 - Midterm 1 Test Study Set With
Correct Solutions
Who coined the term "early infantile autism" - ANSWER Kanner (1943)
Defined as a "milder" form of autism - ANSWER Asperger's disorder
ASD is characterized by differences in: (3) - ANSWER 1. social functioning
2. language and communication
3. atypical behaviours and interests
Shape of autism spectrum - ANSWER NOT linear
more like circle made up of different characteristics
Developmental Tasks and Challenges Related to ASD (2) - ANSWER 1. Social Cognition
2. Affective Social Competence
Social Cognition - ANSWER the unique processes that enable human beings to interpret
social information and decide how to behave in a social situation
Important processes of social cognition (3) - ANSWER 1. visual attention
2. joint attention
3. Theory of Mind
Visual attention (ASD struggle) - ANSWER orienting attention to people, faces, eyes
(infancy)
joint attention - ANSWER social coordination of attention, pairing one's own attention to
another person's attention to share information (9-18 months)
Affective social competence - ANSWER The coordination of the capacities to experience
emotion, send emotional messages to others, and read others' emotional signals
Experience of emotion involves: (3) - ANSWER knowing what one is feeling, emotion
regulation, developing skills to monitor emotions
Social Motivation Hypothesis - ANSWER the idea that individuals with ASD display
deficits in processing social rewards
Developmental Course of ASD: infancy 4) - ANSWER reduced vocalization, attempts to
seek physical contact, social smiles, orientation toward faces
,Polygenic Models of ASD focus on... - ANSWER accumulating and cascading effects of
multiple genes
Prenatal risk factors for ASD (3) - ANSWER prenatal age, teratogens, maternal
metabolic profile
Perinatal risk factors for ASD (3) - ANSWER low birth weight, birth difficulties, hypoxia
Etiology - ANSWER study of the cause of disease
Postnatal risk factor for ASD - ANSWER extreme environmental deprivation
quasi-autism - ANSWER symptoms resembling autism including; social and
communication problems, obsessive preoccupations
Growth Dysregulation Hypothesis of ASD - ANSWER proposed that typically
well-controlled process of brain growth and organization goes awry
Functional connectivity and ASD - ANSWER ASD associated with differences in
functional connectivity between multiple brain regions that affect global brain networks
Structural and functional brain differences in ASD (3) - ANSWER larger cerebral volume
("overgrowth")
cerebellum
medial temporal lobe and limbic system (amygdala and hippocampus)
Differences in Neurotransmitters with ASD (2) - ANSWER serotonin, dopamine
Differences in social motivation for ASD (4) - ANSWER 1. social orienting
2. face processing and attention to emotional cues
3. joint attention
4. motor imitation
What age is ASD diagnosed reliably? - ANSWER 3 years
Median age of diagnosis for ASD - ANSWER 4-5 years
Prevalence of autistic regression - ANSWER 1/3 of children with ASD
Autistic regression - ANSWER typical development followed by plateauing, loss of
engagement, failure to acquire more skills
Challenges of autistic youth (3) - ANSWER social difficulties and social anxiety
coping strategies for people with ASD (2) - ANSWER environmental accomodations
camouflaging (masking)
, Comorbidity with ASD (8) - ANSWER 1. Intellectual developmental disorder
2. ADHD
3. anxiety
4. sleep-wake disorder
5. disruptive/impulse control/conduct disorder
6. depressive disorders
7. bipolar disorders
7. schizophrenia
most prevalent comorbid disorder with ASD - ANSWER IDD - intellectual developmental
disorder
Resilience Factors (3) - ANSWER social relationships, autonomy, meanin go and
purpose
Theory of Mind - ANSWER ability to recognize and represent the mental states of others
(preschool)
Applied Behaviour Analysis - ANSWER the application of behavioural learning principles
to understand and change behaviour
"Gold Standard" for ASD treatment - ANSWER ABA
Naturalistic Behavioural Developmental Interventions (NBDIs) includes: (2) - ANSWER 1.
Early Denver Start Model
2. Treatment and Education of Autistic Comminication-Handicapped Children (TEACCH)
3 areas of deviance with ASD - Kanner - ANSWER Social Isolation
Impaired Language and communication
Stereotypical behaviours
Neurodiversity Framework: ASD - ANSWER 1. Explore the ways in which autism may
reflect individual difference rather than psychopathology
2. focus on positive outcomes
Social cognition - ANSWER a construct at the intersections of self and other, emotion
and cognition, language and meaning
Two important distinctions in social cognition - ANSWER 1. more and less
2. social and nonsocial
Correct Solutions
Who coined the term "early infantile autism" - ANSWER Kanner (1943)
Defined as a "milder" form of autism - ANSWER Asperger's disorder
ASD is characterized by differences in: (3) - ANSWER 1. social functioning
2. language and communication
3. atypical behaviours and interests
Shape of autism spectrum - ANSWER NOT linear
more like circle made up of different characteristics
Developmental Tasks and Challenges Related to ASD (2) - ANSWER 1. Social Cognition
2. Affective Social Competence
Social Cognition - ANSWER the unique processes that enable human beings to interpret
social information and decide how to behave in a social situation
Important processes of social cognition (3) - ANSWER 1. visual attention
2. joint attention
3. Theory of Mind
Visual attention (ASD struggle) - ANSWER orienting attention to people, faces, eyes
(infancy)
joint attention - ANSWER social coordination of attention, pairing one's own attention to
another person's attention to share information (9-18 months)
Affective social competence - ANSWER The coordination of the capacities to experience
emotion, send emotional messages to others, and read others' emotional signals
Experience of emotion involves: (3) - ANSWER knowing what one is feeling, emotion
regulation, developing skills to monitor emotions
Social Motivation Hypothesis - ANSWER the idea that individuals with ASD display
deficits in processing social rewards
Developmental Course of ASD: infancy 4) - ANSWER reduced vocalization, attempts to
seek physical contact, social smiles, orientation toward faces
,Polygenic Models of ASD focus on... - ANSWER accumulating and cascading effects of
multiple genes
Prenatal risk factors for ASD (3) - ANSWER prenatal age, teratogens, maternal
metabolic profile
Perinatal risk factors for ASD (3) - ANSWER low birth weight, birth difficulties, hypoxia
Etiology - ANSWER study of the cause of disease
Postnatal risk factor for ASD - ANSWER extreme environmental deprivation
quasi-autism - ANSWER symptoms resembling autism including; social and
communication problems, obsessive preoccupations
Growth Dysregulation Hypothesis of ASD - ANSWER proposed that typically
well-controlled process of brain growth and organization goes awry
Functional connectivity and ASD - ANSWER ASD associated with differences in
functional connectivity between multiple brain regions that affect global brain networks
Structural and functional brain differences in ASD (3) - ANSWER larger cerebral volume
("overgrowth")
cerebellum
medial temporal lobe and limbic system (amygdala and hippocampus)
Differences in Neurotransmitters with ASD (2) - ANSWER serotonin, dopamine
Differences in social motivation for ASD (4) - ANSWER 1. social orienting
2. face processing and attention to emotional cues
3. joint attention
4. motor imitation
What age is ASD diagnosed reliably? - ANSWER 3 years
Median age of diagnosis for ASD - ANSWER 4-5 years
Prevalence of autistic regression - ANSWER 1/3 of children with ASD
Autistic regression - ANSWER typical development followed by plateauing, loss of
engagement, failure to acquire more skills
Challenges of autistic youth (3) - ANSWER social difficulties and social anxiety
coping strategies for people with ASD (2) - ANSWER environmental accomodations
camouflaging (masking)
, Comorbidity with ASD (8) - ANSWER 1. Intellectual developmental disorder
2. ADHD
3. anxiety
4. sleep-wake disorder
5. disruptive/impulse control/conduct disorder
6. depressive disorders
7. bipolar disorders
7. schizophrenia
most prevalent comorbid disorder with ASD - ANSWER IDD - intellectual developmental
disorder
Resilience Factors (3) - ANSWER social relationships, autonomy, meanin go and
purpose
Theory of Mind - ANSWER ability to recognize and represent the mental states of others
(preschool)
Applied Behaviour Analysis - ANSWER the application of behavioural learning principles
to understand and change behaviour
"Gold Standard" for ASD treatment - ANSWER ABA
Naturalistic Behavioural Developmental Interventions (NBDIs) includes: (2) - ANSWER 1.
Early Denver Start Model
2. Treatment and Education of Autistic Comminication-Handicapped Children (TEACCH)
3 areas of deviance with ASD - Kanner - ANSWER Social Isolation
Impaired Language and communication
Stereotypical behaviours
Neurodiversity Framework: ASD - ANSWER 1. Explore the ways in which autism may
reflect individual difference rather than psychopathology
2. focus on positive outcomes
Social cognition - ANSWER a construct at the intersections of self and other, emotion
and cognition, language and meaning
Two important distinctions in social cognition - ANSWER 1. more and less
2. social and nonsocial
