BREAST SX EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Risk factors for breast cancer - ANSWER NAACP
-Nulliparity
-Age at menarche (<13)
-Age at menopause (>55)
-Cancer of the breast (personal or FH)
-Pregnancy with first child (> 30)
Where do excretory ducts from each nipple drain - ANSWER Into the lactiferous sinus
below nipple
50% of cancers develop where in the breast - ANSWER in the upper outer quadrants (tail
of spence)
____________ produce milk during pregnancy and breastfeeding - ANSWER Lobules
_____________ carry mik from the lobules during breastfeeding - ANSWER Ducts
What type of tissue fills the spaces around the ducts and lobules - ANSWER Fatty tissue
What suspends the breast on the chest wall - ANSWER Coopers ligament
Venous drainage of the breast occurs via what veins - ANSWER Axillary, Subclavian and
Intercostal
Breast Lymph drainage occurs primarily through the___________ nodes - ANSWER
Axillary
What arteries supply the breast with blood - ANSWER -Internal mammary
-Intercostal arteries
-Axillary artery
What mastectomy procedure removes all the groups of breast lymph nodes - ANSWER
Radical
Lymph drainiage from the breast flows from - ANSWER Bottom to top
What is the rational behind the sentinal node biopsy - ANSWER -The lowest node
draining the cancer is biopsied
-If negative for malignant cells, node dissection can be avoided
, Lateral lymph drainage of the breast occurs via the - ANSWER Axillary nodes
Medial lymph drainage of the breast occurs via the - ANSWER Parasternal nodes
Retromammary lymph drainage of the breast occurs via the - ANSWER Posterior portion
of the breast
What are the four nerves to be aware of during axillary dissection - ANSWER
-Thoracodorsal
-Long Thoracic
-Medial Pectoral
-Lateral Pectoral
What are the boundaries for axillary dissection
Superior
Posterior
Lateral
Lateral to or deep to medial - ANSWER Superior = Axillary vein
Posterior = Long thoracic nerve
Lateral = Latissimus dorsi
Lateral to or deep to medial = Pec minor
With the menstrual cycle, what causes proliferation of the ductal system - ANSWER
Preovulatory estrogen
With the menstrual cycle, what causes decrease in ductal proliferation - ANSWER
Decreased estrogen and progesterone
During post menopause, breast parenchymal tissue is replaced by __________ tissue due
to decreased hormone stimulus - ANSWER Adipose
Gynecomastia is present in aging men due to - ANSWER Hyperestrinism
when should self and physician breast exams be performed in women age 20-40 -
ANSWER 1 week after menses
physician = every 2-3 years
When should mammograms begin - ANSWER Yearly or every other year after 40
This is the most sensitive and specific imaging test currently available for Dx breast
cancer - ANSWER Mammography
Risk factors for breast cancer - ANSWER NAACP
-Nulliparity
-Age at menarche (<13)
-Age at menopause (>55)
-Cancer of the breast (personal or FH)
-Pregnancy with first child (> 30)
Where do excretory ducts from each nipple drain - ANSWER Into the lactiferous sinus
below nipple
50% of cancers develop where in the breast - ANSWER in the upper outer quadrants (tail
of spence)
____________ produce milk during pregnancy and breastfeeding - ANSWER Lobules
_____________ carry mik from the lobules during breastfeeding - ANSWER Ducts
What type of tissue fills the spaces around the ducts and lobules - ANSWER Fatty tissue
What suspends the breast on the chest wall - ANSWER Coopers ligament
Venous drainage of the breast occurs via what veins - ANSWER Axillary, Subclavian and
Intercostal
Breast Lymph drainage occurs primarily through the___________ nodes - ANSWER
Axillary
What arteries supply the breast with blood - ANSWER -Internal mammary
-Intercostal arteries
-Axillary artery
What mastectomy procedure removes all the groups of breast lymph nodes - ANSWER
Radical
Lymph drainiage from the breast flows from - ANSWER Bottom to top
What is the rational behind the sentinal node biopsy - ANSWER -The lowest node
draining the cancer is biopsied
-If negative for malignant cells, node dissection can be avoided
, Lateral lymph drainage of the breast occurs via the - ANSWER Axillary nodes
Medial lymph drainage of the breast occurs via the - ANSWER Parasternal nodes
Retromammary lymph drainage of the breast occurs via the - ANSWER Posterior portion
of the breast
What are the four nerves to be aware of during axillary dissection - ANSWER
-Thoracodorsal
-Long Thoracic
-Medial Pectoral
-Lateral Pectoral
What are the boundaries for axillary dissection
Superior
Posterior
Lateral
Lateral to or deep to medial - ANSWER Superior = Axillary vein
Posterior = Long thoracic nerve
Lateral = Latissimus dorsi
Lateral to or deep to medial = Pec minor
With the menstrual cycle, what causes proliferation of the ductal system - ANSWER
Preovulatory estrogen
With the menstrual cycle, what causes decrease in ductal proliferation - ANSWER
Decreased estrogen and progesterone
During post menopause, breast parenchymal tissue is replaced by __________ tissue due
to decreased hormone stimulus - ANSWER Adipose
Gynecomastia is present in aging men due to - ANSWER Hyperestrinism
when should self and physician breast exams be performed in women age 20-40 -
ANSWER 1 week after menses
physician = every 2-3 years
When should mammograms begin - ANSWER Yearly or every other year after 40
This is the most sensitive and specific imaging test currently available for Dx breast
cancer - ANSWER Mammography
