2025 NSG 121 Exam 2- Respiratory
What are the three low flow oxygen therapies? Nasal Cannula
Partial Non-rebreather
Non-rebreather
What does low flow device mean? Delivers low concentration of oxygen
Characteristics of nasal cannula Low flow oxygen therapy
Light weight & portable
Disadvantage to NC? nasal mucosal drying
skin break down behind ear, cheeks, generalized edema
If the flow is higher than 4L/min for NC- what needs to be done? Needs to be humidified
When is NC sometimes ordered? patients post op 24 hours
Characteristics of a partial non-rebreather? Low flow oxygen
Moderate oxygen concentration
Oxygen flows into bag
NO VALVE- which allows client to rebreathe up to one third of exhaled air together with
RA.
disadvantage to Partial NB? Warm, poorly fitted, must remove to eat
Use with CAUTION for clients who have high risk for aspiration or airway obstruction.
Characteristics of Non-rebreather?. Low flow oxygen
Delivers highest concentration of oxygen (excpet for intubation)
Also has a bag
Disadvantages of NB?Poorly fitting
** Watch for skin breakdown
Valve and flap on the mask must be intact and functional during each breath.
Poorly tolerated by clients who have anxiety or claustrophobia.
Eating, drinking, and talking are impaired.
Also Use with CAUTION for clients who have high risk for aspiration or airway obstruction.
Non-rebreathers have additional... Valves, one way valves located at exhalation ports and
prevent RA from entering
What are the three High flow oxygen therapies? Aerosol mask
Face tent
Venturi Mask
Characteristics of Aerosol mask? Hooked to medical air
High flow oxygen
good humidity
Accurate FiO2
Disadvantages of aerosol mask? uncomfortable to some patients
Characteristics of Face tent? High flow oxygen
Good humidity
FAIRLY accurate FiO2
Disadvantages of Face tent? bulky and cumbersome
Functional unit of the lung? Alveoli
Characteristics of Venturi Mask? High flow system
Provides low levels of supplemental O2
Has dials on it
Which of the three high flow oxygen therapies is the most reliable for delivering accurate
levels through a non-invasive method? Venturi Mask
Disadvantages of Venturi Mask? Must remove to eat
, Which of these systems is best for COPD patients? Venturi Mask
It is a good way to get a good amount of oxygen, too much causes Co2 to develop which cuts
off the hypoxic drive in the patient.
What is hypoxia? not enough oxygen in tissues
What is hypoxemia? low oxygen in the blood
What should we base use of Oxygen on? Dyspnea, chest pain, change in respiratory
status, change in mental status, change in vital signs
To prevent oxygen toxicity.... The lowest dose of O2 should be administered
Where can you auscultate the left lower lobe? posteriorly
Respiration requires... gas exchange in both the lungs and in the tissues.
What is ventilation? Breathing
The movement of air from the atmosphere to the alveoli
What is perfusion? Blood flow to the alveoli so that gases can be exchanged
What is diffusion? the exchange of O2 and Co2 at the alveolar- capillary membrane
How does diffusion occur? Movement of gases from a higher area of concentration to a
lower area of concentration across the alveolar-capillary membrane
Which three components have to happen for respiration to occur? Ventilation, Perfusion,
Diffusion
Each molecule of HBG binds to... four oxygen molecules
Any spinal fracture above C3-C5 will cause... respiratory paralysis
Collapse of closure of a lung results in... reduced or absent gas exchange
What causes atelectasis? Anesthetic/narcotic induced hypoventilation, incisional pain,
abdominal distention and immobility, cough
Age related changes results in.... decreased oxygen levels in arterial circulation
What changes occur at age >40? Reduced surface areas in the alveoli where oxygen
exchange takes place
Age >50 changes? Alveoli lose elasticity (not compliant)
What results in the loss of chest wall mobility? lower vital capacity-restricting tidal flow
of air
INCREASE in respiratory dead space
These age changes result in....Decreased diffusion capacity for O2 and decrease O2 levels in
the arterial circulation
S/S of respiratory disease include: Dyspnea, Cough, sputum production, chest pain,
wheezing, clubbing of the fingers, Hemoptysis, cyanosis.
Coughing... Isnt always a bad thing. It helps move things out
Narcotics make people.... Hypo-ventilate (atelectasis)
What history components are important to assess during respiratory assessment? Family,
social, and ESPECIALLY smoking
Characteristics of acute respiratory disease? More sudden and severe
Less than 3 weeks
Examples of acute RD? PE, ARDS, and pneumonia
Orthopnea? When does SOB occur? SOB occurs while lying down and is relieved by sitting
up
They may need to sleep in a recliner
What is PND? symptoms? Paroxysmal Noctural dyspnea
It awakens the client from sleep with the feeling of an inability to breathe.
We use scales to evaluate? dyspnea
* ask how today compares to other days.
1-10
What are the 6 P's of dyspnea? Possible foreign body (in esophagus)
What are the three low flow oxygen therapies? Nasal Cannula
Partial Non-rebreather
Non-rebreather
What does low flow device mean? Delivers low concentration of oxygen
Characteristics of nasal cannula Low flow oxygen therapy
Light weight & portable
Disadvantage to NC? nasal mucosal drying
skin break down behind ear, cheeks, generalized edema
If the flow is higher than 4L/min for NC- what needs to be done? Needs to be humidified
When is NC sometimes ordered? patients post op 24 hours
Characteristics of a partial non-rebreather? Low flow oxygen
Moderate oxygen concentration
Oxygen flows into bag
NO VALVE- which allows client to rebreathe up to one third of exhaled air together with
RA.
disadvantage to Partial NB? Warm, poorly fitted, must remove to eat
Use with CAUTION for clients who have high risk for aspiration or airway obstruction.
Characteristics of Non-rebreather?. Low flow oxygen
Delivers highest concentration of oxygen (excpet for intubation)
Also has a bag
Disadvantages of NB?Poorly fitting
** Watch for skin breakdown
Valve and flap on the mask must be intact and functional during each breath.
Poorly tolerated by clients who have anxiety or claustrophobia.
Eating, drinking, and talking are impaired.
Also Use with CAUTION for clients who have high risk for aspiration or airway obstruction.
Non-rebreathers have additional... Valves, one way valves located at exhalation ports and
prevent RA from entering
What are the three High flow oxygen therapies? Aerosol mask
Face tent
Venturi Mask
Characteristics of Aerosol mask? Hooked to medical air
High flow oxygen
good humidity
Accurate FiO2
Disadvantages of aerosol mask? uncomfortable to some patients
Characteristics of Face tent? High flow oxygen
Good humidity
FAIRLY accurate FiO2
Disadvantages of Face tent? bulky and cumbersome
Functional unit of the lung? Alveoli
Characteristics of Venturi Mask? High flow system
Provides low levels of supplemental O2
Has dials on it
Which of the three high flow oxygen therapies is the most reliable for delivering accurate
levels through a non-invasive method? Venturi Mask
Disadvantages of Venturi Mask? Must remove to eat
, Which of these systems is best for COPD patients? Venturi Mask
It is a good way to get a good amount of oxygen, too much causes Co2 to develop which cuts
off the hypoxic drive in the patient.
What is hypoxia? not enough oxygen in tissues
What is hypoxemia? low oxygen in the blood
What should we base use of Oxygen on? Dyspnea, chest pain, change in respiratory
status, change in mental status, change in vital signs
To prevent oxygen toxicity.... The lowest dose of O2 should be administered
Where can you auscultate the left lower lobe? posteriorly
Respiration requires... gas exchange in both the lungs and in the tissues.
What is ventilation? Breathing
The movement of air from the atmosphere to the alveoli
What is perfusion? Blood flow to the alveoli so that gases can be exchanged
What is diffusion? the exchange of O2 and Co2 at the alveolar- capillary membrane
How does diffusion occur? Movement of gases from a higher area of concentration to a
lower area of concentration across the alveolar-capillary membrane
Which three components have to happen for respiration to occur? Ventilation, Perfusion,
Diffusion
Each molecule of HBG binds to... four oxygen molecules
Any spinal fracture above C3-C5 will cause... respiratory paralysis
Collapse of closure of a lung results in... reduced or absent gas exchange
What causes atelectasis? Anesthetic/narcotic induced hypoventilation, incisional pain,
abdominal distention and immobility, cough
Age related changes results in.... decreased oxygen levels in arterial circulation
What changes occur at age >40? Reduced surface areas in the alveoli where oxygen
exchange takes place
Age >50 changes? Alveoli lose elasticity (not compliant)
What results in the loss of chest wall mobility? lower vital capacity-restricting tidal flow
of air
INCREASE in respiratory dead space
These age changes result in....Decreased diffusion capacity for O2 and decrease O2 levels in
the arterial circulation
S/S of respiratory disease include: Dyspnea, Cough, sputum production, chest pain,
wheezing, clubbing of the fingers, Hemoptysis, cyanosis.
Coughing... Isnt always a bad thing. It helps move things out
Narcotics make people.... Hypo-ventilate (atelectasis)
What history components are important to assess during respiratory assessment? Family,
social, and ESPECIALLY smoking
Characteristics of acute respiratory disease? More sudden and severe
Less than 3 weeks
Examples of acute RD? PE, ARDS, and pneumonia
Orthopnea? When does SOB occur? SOB occurs while lying down and is relieved by sitting
up
They may need to sleep in a recliner
What is PND? symptoms? Paroxysmal Noctural dyspnea
It awakens the client from sleep with the feeling of an inability to breathe.
We use scales to evaluate? dyspnea
* ask how today compares to other days.
1-10
What are the 6 P's of dyspnea? Possible foreign body (in esophagus)
