CH 7 AMLS
Glands - ANS -______ are organs that manufacture and secrete chemical substances
Endocrine System - ANS -The _____ ____ regulates metabolic processes of the body.
Glands - ANS -_______ may be endocrine or exocrine.
Exocrine Glands - ANS -_____ Glands secrete chemicals to the outer surface of the body
or into a body cavity.
Endocrine Glands - ANS -_____ glands secrete chemical hormones into bloodstream.
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas and
reproductive organs. - ANS -6 Components Glands/organs of endocrine system.
Pituitary Gland - ANS -The _____ _____ is often referred to as the master gland because
its secretions orchestrate the activity of other endocrine glands.
Hypothalamus - ANS -The _________, which is located directly on top of the pituitary
gland, is the part of the brain responsible for monitoring body conditions and
maintaining homeostasis in the body; it contains several control centers for body
functions and emotions; primary link between the endocrine system and nervous
system.
Thyroid - ANS -The ______ gland is located in the anterior part of the neck at the level
between the 5th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae below the larynx; it is located
beneath the rigid cartilage palpable in the anterior part of the neck; its two lobes straddle
the midline, joined by a narrow isthmus.
Parathyroid Glands - ANS -The ______ glands lie posterior to the thyroid gland and
comprise of three types of cells, each of which has a particular function;
Chief Cells - ANS -______ cells are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone
(PTH), which stimulates the production of active vitamin D in the kidneys, encourages
reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules, and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the
kidneys.
Adrenal Gland - ANS -At the apex of each kidney is a triangular ______ ______ about 1.5
inches tall and 3 inches long; these two glands lie retroperitoneal and lateral to the
inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta.
, Medulla - ANS -The ______, or body, of each adrenal gland produces norepinephrine and
epinephrine.
Glucose - ANS -_____ is a vital fuel for key metabolic processes in organs, especially
those controlled by the CNS.
70 to 150 mg/dL - ANS -Under normal circumstances, the body is able to maintain serum
glucose in the relatively tight range of __ to___ mg/dL before and after meals.
GI absorption - ANS -:direct intestinal absorption of glucose through the intestine.
Glycogenolysis - ANS -: glucose produced as glycogen breakdown occurs in the liver.
Gluconeogenesis - ANS -: the formation of new glucose from precursors including
pyruvate, glycerol, lactate, and amino acids.
Insulin - ANS -______, which is secreted by the pancreatic islet cells, is essential for
efficient cellular glucose utilization and also drives glucose into the cells.
Kussmaul's - ANS -Be alert for abnormal respiratory patterns such as _____
respirations, which are often present in pt's experiencing a diabetic ketoacidosis event.
Hypoparathyroidism - ANS -_______ is a rare condition characterized by low serum
levels of PTH or resistance to its action.
Hypocalcemia - ANS -The hallmark of hypoparathyroidism is ______.
Hypoparathyroidism - ANS -The most common cause of acquired _______ is iatrogenic
damage or inadvertent removal of the glands during thyroidectomy.
Hypoparathyroidism - ANS -Pt's w/ acute ________ report muscle spasms, paresthesia,
and tetany.
Trousseau's Sign - ANS -A sign of hypocalcemia . Carpal spasm caused by inflating a
blood pressure cuff 30 mmHg above the client's systolic pressure and leaving it in place
for 3 minutes.
Chvostek's sign - ANS -spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping over
the facial nerve in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent
tetany in patients with hypocalcemia
Thyrotoxicosis - ANS -Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, or hyperthyroidism, is a
common ailment that results in a hypermetabolic state called _______.
Glands - ANS -______ are organs that manufacture and secrete chemical substances
Endocrine System - ANS -The _____ ____ regulates metabolic processes of the body.
Glands - ANS -_______ may be endocrine or exocrine.
Exocrine Glands - ANS -_____ Glands secrete chemicals to the outer surface of the body
or into a body cavity.
Endocrine Glands - ANS -_____ glands secrete chemical hormones into bloodstream.
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas and
reproductive organs. - ANS -6 Components Glands/organs of endocrine system.
Pituitary Gland - ANS -The _____ _____ is often referred to as the master gland because
its secretions orchestrate the activity of other endocrine glands.
Hypothalamus - ANS -The _________, which is located directly on top of the pituitary
gland, is the part of the brain responsible for monitoring body conditions and
maintaining homeostasis in the body; it contains several control centers for body
functions and emotions; primary link between the endocrine system and nervous
system.
Thyroid - ANS -The ______ gland is located in the anterior part of the neck at the level
between the 5th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae below the larynx; it is located
beneath the rigid cartilage palpable in the anterior part of the neck; its two lobes straddle
the midline, joined by a narrow isthmus.
Parathyroid Glands - ANS -The ______ glands lie posterior to the thyroid gland and
comprise of three types of cells, each of which has a particular function;
Chief Cells - ANS -______ cells are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone
(PTH), which stimulates the production of active vitamin D in the kidneys, encourages
reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules, and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the
kidneys.
Adrenal Gland - ANS -At the apex of each kidney is a triangular ______ ______ about 1.5
inches tall and 3 inches long; these two glands lie retroperitoneal and lateral to the
inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta.
, Medulla - ANS -The ______, or body, of each adrenal gland produces norepinephrine and
epinephrine.
Glucose - ANS -_____ is a vital fuel for key metabolic processes in organs, especially
those controlled by the CNS.
70 to 150 mg/dL - ANS -Under normal circumstances, the body is able to maintain serum
glucose in the relatively tight range of __ to___ mg/dL before and after meals.
GI absorption - ANS -:direct intestinal absorption of glucose through the intestine.
Glycogenolysis - ANS -: glucose produced as glycogen breakdown occurs in the liver.
Gluconeogenesis - ANS -: the formation of new glucose from precursors including
pyruvate, glycerol, lactate, and amino acids.
Insulin - ANS -______, which is secreted by the pancreatic islet cells, is essential for
efficient cellular glucose utilization and also drives glucose into the cells.
Kussmaul's - ANS -Be alert for abnormal respiratory patterns such as _____
respirations, which are often present in pt's experiencing a diabetic ketoacidosis event.
Hypoparathyroidism - ANS -_______ is a rare condition characterized by low serum
levels of PTH or resistance to its action.
Hypocalcemia - ANS -The hallmark of hypoparathyroidism is ______.
Hypoparathyroidism - ANS -The most common cause of acquired _______ is iatrogenic
damage or inadvertent removal of the glands during thyroidectomy.
Hypoparathyroidism - ANS -Pt's w/ acute ________ report muscle spasms, paresthesia,
and tetany.
Trousseau's Sign - ANS -A sign of hypocalcemia . Carpal spasm caused by inflating a
blood pressure cuff 30 mmHg above the client's systolic pressure and leaving it in place
for 3 minutes.
Chvostek's sign - ANS -spasm of the facial muscles produced by sharply tapping over
the facial nerve in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear; suggestive of latent
tetany in patients with hypocalcemia
Thyrotoxicosis - ANS -Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, or hyperthyroidism, is a
common ailment that results in a hypermetabolic state called _______.
