biol 227 Exam- LAB |Questions with
Complete Solutions
What bones compose the os coxae? - ANS ilium
ischium
The pectoral girdle consists of: - ANS the scapula and clavicle, and the pelvic girdle consists
of the os coxae.
You are a biomedical researcher who is interested in designing a drug to increase bone
density. You have decided you can take one of two approaches: (1) design a drug that
stimulates bone to be built faster, or (2) design a drug that prevents bone from breaking
down. To begin this process, you need to study the cells that would likely respond to either
drug 1 or drug 2. What cells are these? - ANS osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What process must stop in order for the epiphyseal plate to close? (That is, which layer of the
plate must stop its development first?) - ANS Hyaline cartilage will stop growing meaning the
lengthwise growth of the bone will stop. The epiphyseal plate will continue to fill in with bone
until there is no more cartilage left.
A forensic anthropologist identifies a bone as a left femur with epiphyses that are detached
from the diaphysis. Does this bone belong to a juvenile or an adult? Justify your answer. - ANS
This bone would belong to a juvenile and that is because there is still growth that would have
been happening with that bone. A big marker also is that juvenile bones are the only ones
with an epiphyses and once in full "adult" form that goes away.
Why might astronauts, who spend only a few days in outer space under microgravity
(reduced gravity), experience a significant loss in bone density? - ANS * Gravity increases
mechanical loading on bones, which promotes bone growth. Specifically, gravity increases
osteoblast activity, thereby increasing bone deposition. Astronauts experience decreased
mechanical loading due to reduced gravity. This decreases osteoblast activity, whereas
osteoclast activity remains relatively constant. The result is a decrease in bone density.
, Vitamin D promotes increased dietary calcium and phosphorus absorption in the small
intestine. Describe why doctors may recommend vitamin D supplements to patients
diagnosed with osteoporosis (weak/brittle bones). - ANS Vitamin D as well as Calcium are
normally given to patients because they both help to maintain bone health. Now by
themselves they will not stimulate any new bone growth.
List at least 6 bones that are found in the axial skeleton. - ANS hyoid bone, palatine
bones, lacrimal bones, malleus, mandible, temporal bones
All ribs articulate with the - ANS thoracic
The sella turcica is a feature of which bone? - ANS sphenoid bone
smooth, grooved, pulley-like process - ANS trochlea
small, flat, shallow, articulating surface - ANS facet
large, smooth, and round projection - ANS condyle
prominent, rounded epiphysis of a bone - ANS head
What is/are bony features that function as attachment points for tendons and ligaments? - ANS
process
tuberosity
a round hole that passes through a bone - ANS foramen
a narrow, slit-like opening that passes through a bone - ANS fissure
Complete Solutions
What bones compose the os coxae? - ANS ilium
ischium
The pectoral girdle consists of: - ANS the scapula and clavicle, and the pelvic girdle consists
of the os coxae.
You are a biomedical researcher who is interested in designing a drug to increase bone
density. You have decided you can take one of two approaches: (1) design a drug that
stimulates bone to be built faster, or (2) design a drug that prevents bone from breaking
down. To begin this process, you need to study the cells that would likely respond to either
drug 1 or drug 2. What cells are these? - ANS osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What process must stop in order for the epiphyseal plate to close? (That is, which layer of the
plate must stop its development first?) - ANS Hyaline cartilage will stop growing meaning the
lengthwise growth of the bone will stop. The epiphyseal plate will continue to fill in with bone
until there is no more cartilage left.
A forensic anthropologist identifies a bone as a left femur with epiphyses that are detached
from the diaphysis. Does this bone belong to a juvenile or an adult? Justify your answer. - ANS
This bone would belong to a juvenile and that is because there is still growth that would have
been happening with that bone. A big marker also is that juvenile bones are the only ones
with an epiphyses and once in full "adult" form that goes away.
Why might astronauts, who spend only a few days in outer space under microgravity
(reduced gravity), experience a significant loss in bone density? - ANS * Gravity increases
mechanical loading on bones, which promotes bone growth. Specifically, gravity increases
osteoblast activity, thereby increasing bone deposition. Astronauts experience decreased
mechanical loading due to reduced gravity. This decreases osteoblast activity, whereas
osteoclast activity remains relatively constant. The result is a decrease in bone density.
, Vitamin D promotes increased dietary calcium and phosphorus absorption in the small
intestine. Describe why doctors may recommend vitamin D supplements to patients
diagnosed with osteoporosis (weak/brittle bones). - ANS Vitamin D as well as Calcium are
normally given to patients because they both help to maintain bone health. Now by
themselves they will not stimulate any new bone growth.
List at least 6 bones that are found in the axial skeleton. - ANS hyoid bone, palatine
bones, lacrimal bones, malleus, mandible, temporal bones
All ribs articulate with the - ANS thoracic
The sella turcica is a feature of which bone? - ANS sphenoid bone
smooth, grooved, pulley-like process - ANS trochlea
small, flat, shallow, articulating surface - ANS facet
large, smooth, and round projection - ANS condyle
prominent, rounded epiphysis of a bone - ANS head
What is/are bony features that function as attachment points for tendons and ligaments? - ANS
process
tuberosity
a round hole that passes through a bone - ANS foramen
a narrow, slit-like opening that passes through a bone - ANS fissure
