Test Bank for Biological Science, 7th Edition by Freeman ,All Chapter 1-54.pdf

Test Bank For Biological Psychology 1
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3th Edition k




amygdala
✓ linked to emotions, specifically rage and fear h
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ippocampus
✓ processes explicit memories for storage k k k k k




hypothalamus
✓ linked to emotion and reward, this structure directs
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maintenance activities such as eating and body temp k k k k k k k



erature and helps govern the pituitary gland
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pituitary gland
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✓ the master, it is the most influential of its kind and re
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gulates growth by controlling endocrine glands
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action potential
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✓ a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels d
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own an axon. k k




myelin sheath
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✓ a layer of fatty tissue that insulates the axon and speeds u
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p impulses.
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,axon
✓ passes messages away from the cell body to other n
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eurons, muscles or glands k k k




synapse
✓ the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron a
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nd the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
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neurotransmitters
✓ chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps bet
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ween neurons, influencing whether a neuron will gen
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erate a neural impulse k k k




multiple sclerosis k




the degeneration of the myelin sheath could cause
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✓ endorphins
Morphine elevates mood and eases pain, and is most similar to
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what neurotransmitter
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✓ central nervous system k k k




brain and spinal cord
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✓ autonomic nervous system k k




system that controls self regulation of internal organs and gland
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s
✓ somatic nervous system k k




system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
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✓ motor neurons k

, ✓ carry instructions from the central nervous system out t
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o the body's muscles and glands
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sympathetic nervous system k k




✓ system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in st
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ressful situations k




parasympathetic nervous system k k




✓ system that calms the body, conserving its energy. h
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ormones
✓ chemical messengers that are manufactured by the end k k k k k k k



ocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affec
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t other tissues
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adrenal glands k




✓ releases epinephrine and norepinephrine ton increase h
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eeart rate ad blood pressure preparing us for fight-or-
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flight
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electroencephalogram
✓ an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity s
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weeping across the brain's surface. These waves are mea
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sured by electrodes placed on the scalp
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CT scan
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✓ a series of X-
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ray photographs taken from different angles and com
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bined by computer into a composite representation o
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f a slice of the brain's structure.
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PET

, ✓ a visual display of brain activity that detects where a ra
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dioactive form of glucose goes while the brain perfor
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ms a given task
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MRI
✓ a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to pr
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oduce computer- k



generated images of soft tissue. these scans show brain an
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atomy
medulla
✓ Brain part that controls heartbeat and breathing c
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erebellum
✓ "the little brain" enables nonverbal learning and me
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mory, and enables us to judge time, sounds and textu
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res
limbic system
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✓ linked to emotions, memory and drives this brain stru
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cture includes the amygdala, hypothalamus and hipp
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ocampus
association areas k




✓ the most noticeable difference between human brains a
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nd other mammalian brains is the size of the
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cerebral cortex k




✓ a thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells, like a th
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inking crown k




frontal lobes
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