MICROBIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS
I. TRUE OR FALSE
1. Almost all known bacterial cells and all eukaryotic cells are microscopic- True
(Almost all known bacterial cells and all eukaryotic cells are microscopic).
2. All known bacteria have 70s ribosomes , circular DNA , hopanoids and
peptidoglycan- False (Not all known bacteria have hopanoids. Hopanoids are
found in some bacteria, but not all).
3. Most eukaryote cells have a nucleus, chromatin, mitochondria and cytoskeletons-
True (Most eukaryote cells have a nucleus, chromatin, mitochondria, and
cytoskeletons).
4. Pasteur developed vaccines for small pox, anthrax, and rabies- False (Louis Pasteur
developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies, but not smallpox. The smallpox
vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner).
5. Agar, acid-fast staining, pure culture techniques, and basic staining techniques came
from the lab of Robert Koch – True (Agar, acid-fast staining, pure culture
techniques, and basic staining techniques came from the lab of Robert Koch).
6. Hydrogen bonds are slightly weaker than covalent but are important to life, especially
to DNA and the properties of water- True (Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than
covalent bonds).
7. Peptidoglycan is found in most known bacteria but not eukaryotes or archaea- True
(Peptidoglycan is found in most known bacteria but not in eukaryotes or
archaea).
8. Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipoproteins,
, phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, porins and an S-layer- True (Gram-negative
bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipoproteins, phospholipids,
lipopolysaccharides, porins, and an S-layer).
9. An S layer is found in gram-positive bacteria and archaea- False. (An S-layer is
primarily found in archaea and some Gram-negative bacteria, not Gram-
positive bacteria).
10. Plasmids have been found in many bacteria, some yeasts , some protozoa and but no
animals or plants to date, and can play a role in the vertical transfer of genes
especially those for drug resistance and toxin production- False. (Plasmids have
been found in bacteria, yeast, and some protozoa, but they can also be found in
plants and, to a lesser extent, in some animal cells).
11. Lysosomes contain about 40 different hydrolytic enzyme also may produce hydrogen
peroxide, hypochlorite and free radicals, under certain conditions. True.
12. Prions are composed of denatured proteins and presently are parasites of plants only
but may someday be found in animals- False. (Prions are misfolded proteins that
can cause diseases in animals (including humans), not just plants).
13. GSS, Mad cow, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, scrapie, chronic wasting disease, fatal
familial insomnia, and Kuru are known to be caused by prions – True. (All listed
diseases are caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that can induce
other proteins to misfold).
14. A chemical with a phenol coefficient of 1 is slightly more effective than phenol as a
killing agent.- False (A chemical with a phenol coefficient of 1 has the same
effectiveness as phenol. A coefficient greater than 1 indicates greater
I. TRUE OR FALSE
1. Almost all known bacterial cells and all eukaryotic cells are microscopic- True
(Almost all known bacterial cells and all eukaryotic cells are microscopic).
2. All known bacteria have 70s ribosomes , circular DNA , hopanoids and
peptidoglycan- False (Not all known bacteria have hopanoids. Hopanoids are
found in some bacteria, but not all).
3. Most eukaryote cells have a nucleus, chromatin, mitochondria and cytoskeletons-
True (Most eukaryote cells have a nucleus, chromatin, mitochondria, and
cytoskeletons).
4. Pasteur developed vaccines for small pox, anthrax, and rabies- False (Louis Pasteur
developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies, but not smallpox. The smallpox
vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner).
5. Agar, acid-fast staining, pure culture techniques, and basic staining techniques came
from the lab of Robert Koch – True (Agar, acid-fast staining, pure culture
techniques, and basic staining techniques came from the lab of Robert Koch).
6. Hydrogen bonds are slightly weaker than covalent but are important to life, especially
to DNA and the properties of water- True (Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than
covalent bonds).
7. Peptidoglycan is found in most known bacteria but not eukaryotes or archaea- True
(Peptidoglycan is found in most known bacteria but not in eukaryotes or
archaea).
8. Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipoproteins,
, phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, porins and an S-layer- True (Gram-negative
bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipoproteins, phospholipids,
lipopolysaccharides, porins, and an S-layer).
9. An S layer is found in gram-positive bacteria and archaea- False. (An S-layer is
primarily found in archaea and some Gram-negative bacteria, not Gram-
positive bacteria).
10. Plasmids have been found in many bacteria, some yeasts , some protozoa and but no
animals or plants to date, and can play a role in the vertical transfer of genes
especially those for drug resistance and toxin production- False. (Plasmids have
been found in bacteria, yeast, and some protozoa, but they can also be found in
plants and, to a lesser extent, in some animal cells).
11. Lysosomes contain about 40 different hydrolytic enzyme also may produce hydrogen
peroxide, hypochlorite and free radicals, under certain conditions. True.
12. Prions are composed of denatured proteins and presently are parasites of plants only
but may someday be found in animals- False. (Prions are misfolded proteins that
can cause diseases in animals (including humans), not just plants).
13. GSS, Mad cow, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, scrapie, chronic wasting disease, fatal
familial insomnia, and Kuru are known to be caused by prions – True. (All listed
diseases are caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that can induce
other proteins to misfold).
14. A chemical with a phenol coefficient of 1 is slightly more effective than phenol as a
killing agent.- False (A chemical with a phenol coefficient of 1 has the same
effectiveness as phenol. A coefficient greater than 1 indicates greater
