CRITICAL CARE/FLIGHT PARAMEDIC
SPECIFIC THINGS 100% ACCURATE
Levine's sign - ANSWER clutching of the chest, may be cardiac in origin
Murphy's Sign - ANSWER Right upper quadrant tenderness on palpation typically
positive in cholecystitis or gallbladder disease
Grey Turner's Sign - ANSWER Retroperitoneal bruising, may indicate pancreatitis or
trauma
Cullen's Sign - ANSWER Periumbilical bruising, may indicate pancreatitis or intra-
abdominal bleeding
Halstead Sign - ANSWER Marbled appearance of the abdomen, may indicate necrosis
of the pancreas.
Kehr's Sign - ANSWER Referred pain down the left shoulder; indicative of a ruptured
spleen or ectopic pregnancy/rupture on other side
Hamman's Sign - ANSWER Crunching sound heard with auscultation, may be
synchronized with heart rate/pulse, may indicate tracheobronchial injury
DKA - ANSWER problem is with lack of or low insulin; acidosis is present; serum
glucose is usually less than 1,000 mg/dL.
Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar non-keotic coma (HHNK) - ANSWER problem is with high
sugar and high serum osmolarity; usually no productions of ketones or presence of
acidosis; serum glucose is usually greater than 1,000 mg/dL
cardiac injury (acute) - ANSWER ST elevation
Cardiac ischemia - ANSWER ST depression
Cardiac infarction - ANSWER Q waves present that measures >25% of the R wave
Sodium - ANSWER 135 - 145
Potassium - ANSWER 3.5 - 5.5
Calcium - ANSWER 8.8 - 10.4
SPECIFIC THINGS 100% ACCURATE
Levine's sign - ANSWER clutching of the chest, may be cardiac in origin
Murphy's Sign - ANSWER Right upper quadrant tenderness on palpation typically
positive in cholecystitis or gallbladder disease
Grey Turner's Sign - ANSWER Retroperitoneal bruising, may indicate pancreatitis or
trauma
Cullen's Sign - ANSWER Periumbilical bruising, may indicate pancreatitis or intra-
abdominal bleeding
Halstead Sign - ANSWER Marbled appearance of the abdomen, may indicate necrosis
of the pancreas.
Kehr's Sign - ANSWER Referred pain down the left shoulder; indicative of a ruptured
spleen or ectopic pregnancy/rupture on other side
Hamman's Sign - ANSWER Crunching sound heard with auscultation, may be
synchronized with heart rate/pulse, may indicate tracheobronchial injury
DKA - ANSWER problem is with lack of or low insulin; acidosis is present; serum
glucose is usually less than 1,000 mg/dL.
Hyperglycemia hyperosmolar non-keotic coma (HHNK) - ANSWER problem is with high
sugar and high serum osmolarity; usually no productions of ketones or presence of
acidosis; serum glucose is usually greater than 1,000 mg/dL
cardiac injury (acute) - ANSWER ST elevation
Cardiac ischemia - ANSWER ST depression
Cardiac infarction - ANSWER Q waves present that measures >25% of the R wave
Sodium - ANSWER 135 - 145
Potassium - ANSWER 3.5 - 5.5
Calcium - ANSWER 8.8 - 10.4
