lifespan development a psychological perspective ch. 1-3
test with solutions #1
Critical period - correct answer a period during someone's development in which a
particular skill or characteristic is believed to be most readily acquired.
Sensitive period - correct answer a time or stage in a person's development when they
are more responsive to certain stimuli and quicker to learn particular skills.
Cohort - correct answer refers to people who are approximately the same age.
Experiment - correct answer a research method in which an investigator manipulates
one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
Cross-sectional study - correct answer a study in which people of different ages are
compared with one another
Longitudinal study - correct answer research in which the same people are restudied
and retested over a long period
Cross-sequential research - correct answer a hybrid research design in which
researchers first study several groups of people of different ages and then follow those
groups over the years
5 steps of scientific method - correct answer identify problem, collect data, formulate
hypothesis, test hypothesis, evaluate results
Qualitiative research - correct answer research that is based on unmeasurable
qualitities, such as teacher observation and examination of case studies.
Quantitative research - correct answer research that collects and reports data primarily
in numerical form
Nature vs. Nurture - correct answer name for a controversy in which it is debated
whether genetics or environment is responsible for driving behavior
Psychoanalytic theory - correct answer a theory developed by freud that attempts to
explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious
determinants of behavior
Lev vygotsky - correct answer child development; investigated how culture &
interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play
research
, Behaviorism - correct answer the view that psychology (1) should be an objective
science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research
psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
Conditioning - correct answer the process of learning associations between
environmental events and behavioral responses
Classical conditioning - correct answer a type of learning in which one learns to link two
or more stimuli and anticipate events (ivan pavlov)
Operant conditioning - correct answer a type of learning in which behavior is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Stages of erikson's theory - correct answer trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs role confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair
Social learning theory - correct answer the theory that we learn social behavior by
observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Stages of piaget's theory - correct answer sensorimotor(birth to 18-24 months),
preoperational(2-7 yrs), concrete operational(7-11), formal operational(adolescence to
adulthood)
Equilibrium - correct answer when a child's existing schemas are capable of explaining
what it can perceive around it
Assimilation - correct answer interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing
schemas
Accommodation - correct answer adapting our current understandings (schemas) to
incorporate new information
Disequilibrium - correct answer imbalance between what is understood and what is
encountered
Adaptation - correct answer functional, cognitive or behavioral trait that benefits an
organism in its environment
test with solutions #1
Critical period - correct answer a period during someone's development in which a
particular skill or characteristic is believed to be most readily acquired.
Sensitive period - correct answer a time or stage in a person's development when they
are more responsive to certain stimuli and quicker to learn particular skills.
Cohort - correct answer refers to people who are approximately the same age.
Experiment - correct answer a research method in which an investigator manipulates
one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
Cross-sectional study - correct answer a study in which people of different ages are
compared with one another
Longitudinal study - correct answer research in which the same people are restudied
and retested over a long period
Cross-sequential research - correct answer a hybrid research design in which
researchers first study several groups of people of different ages and then follow those
groups over the years
5 steps of scientific method - correct answer identify problem, collect data, formulate
hypothesis, test hypothesis, evaluate results
Qualitiative research - correct answer research that is based on unmeasurable
qualitities, such as teacher observation and examination of case studies.
Quantitative research - correct answer research that collects and reports data primarily
in numerical form
Nature vs. Nurture - correct answer name for a controversy in which it is debated
whether genetics or environment is responsible for driving behavior
Psychoanalytic theory - correct answer a theory developed by freud that attempts to
explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious
determinants of behavior
Lev vygotsky - correct answer child development; investigated how culture &
interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play
research
, Behaviorism - correct answer the view that psychology (1) should be an objective
science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research
psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
Conditioning - correct answer the process of learning associations between
environmental events and behavioral responses
Classical conditioning - correct answer a type of learning in which one learns to link two
or more stimuli and anticipate events (ivan pavlov)
Operant conditioning - correct answer a type of learning in which behavior is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Stages of erikson's theory - correct answer trust vs mistrust
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Initiative vs guilt
Industry vs inferiority
Identity vs role confusion
Intimacy vs isolation
Generativity vs stagnation
Integrity vs despair
Social learning theory - correct answer the theory that we learn social behavior by
observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Stages of piaget's theory - correct answer sensorimotor(birth to 18-24 months),
preoperational(2-7 yrs), concrete operational(7-11), formal operational(adolescence to
adulthood)
Equilibrium - correct answer when a child's existing schemas are capable of explaining
what it can perceive around it
Assimilation - correct answer interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing
schemas
Accommodation - correct answer adapting our current understandings (schemas) to
incorporate new information
Disequilibrium - correct answer imbalance between what is understood and what is
encountered
Adaptation - correct answer functional, cognitive or behavioral trait that benefits an
organism in its environment
