Psychology Chapter 4 - Life-Span Development Test
Fully Solved #4
Erik Erikson - correct answer a personality theorist, analyzed the major psychological
events that occur in a "typical" life. Provided a good overview of the life cycle.
Life stages - correct answer widely recognized periods of life corresponding to broad
phases of development
Developmental tasks - correct answer any skill that must be mastered, or personal
change that must take place, for optimal development
Developmental milestones - correct answer a significant turning point or marker in
personal development
Life-span perspective - correct answer the study of continuity and change in behavior
over a lifetime
Psychological dilemma - correct answer a conflict between personal impulses and the
social world that affects development
Trust versus mistrust - correct answer a conflict early in life centered on learning to trust
others and the world (stage 1 psychological dilemma)
Autonomy versus shame and doubt - correct answer a conflict created when growing
self-control is pitted against feelings of shame or doubt (stage 2 psych dilemma)
Initiative versus guilt - correct answer a conflict centered around learning to take
initiative while at the same time overcoming feelings of guilt about doing so (stage 3
psych dilemma)
Industry versus inferiority - correct answer a conflict in middle childhood centered
around lack of support for industrious behavior, which can result in feelings of inferiority.
(stage 4 psych dilemma)
Identity versus role confusion - correct answer a major conflict of adolescence, involving
the need to establish a consistent personal identity. (stage 5 psych dilemma)
Intimacy versus isolation - correct answer the challenge in early adulthood of
establishing intimacy with friends, family, a lover, or a spouse, versus experiencing a
sense of isolation (stage 6 psych dilemma)
Generativity versus stagnation - correct answer a conflict of middle adulthood in which
stagnant concern for oneself is countered by interest in guiding the next generation
(stage 7 psych dilemma)
, Integrity versus despair - correct answer a conflict in old age between feelings of
personal integrity and the despair that occurs when previous life events are viewed with
regret (stage 8 psych dilemma)
Overprotection - correct answer excessively guarding and shielding a child from
possible stresses
Sibling rivalry - correct answer competition among brothers and sisters for attention,
dominance, status within the family, and so forth
Childhood rebellion - correct answer open resistance to, or defiance of, adult authority.
Enuresis - correct answer an inability to control urination, particularly with regard to bed-
wetting
Encopresis - correct answer a lack of bowel control "soiling"
Overeating - correct answer eating in excess of one's daily caloric needs
Anorexia nervosa - correct answer active self-starvation or a sustained loss of appetite
that has psychological origins
Pica - correct answer eating or chewing on inedible objects or substances such as
chalk, ashes, and the like
Delayed speech - correct answer speech that begins well after the normal age for
language development has passed
Stuttering - correct answer chronic hesitation or stumbling in speech
Learning disorders - correct answer any problem with thinking, perception, language,
attention, or activity levels that tends to impair learning ability
Dyslexia - correct answer an inability to read with understanding, often caused by a
tendency to misread letters (by seeing their mirror images, for instance)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - correct answer a behavioral problem
characterized by short attention span, restless movement, and impaired learning
capacity
Behavior modification - correct answer applying principles of learning to change or
eliminate maladaptive or abnormal behavior
Conduct disorder - correct answer a pattern in which children consistently violate rules
and behave aggressively and destructively
Fully Solved #4
Erik Erikson - correct answer a personality theorist, analyzed the major psychological
events that occur in a "typical" life. Provided a good overview of the life cycle.
Life stages - correct answer widely recognized periods of life corresponding to broad
phases of development
Developmental tasks - correct answer any skill that must be mastered, or personal
change that must take place, for optimal development
Developmental milestones - correct answer a significant turning point or marker in
personal development
Life-span perspective - correct answer the study of continuity and change in behavior
over a lifetime
Psychological dilemma - correct answer a conflict between personal impulses and the
social world that affects development
Trust versus mistrust - correct answer a conflict early in life centered on learning to trust
others and the world (stage 1 psychological dilemma)
Autonomy versus shame and doubt - correct answer a conflict created when growing
self-control is pitted against feelings of shame or doubt (stage 2 psych dilemma)
Initiative versus guilt - correct answer a conflict centered around learning to take
initiative while at the same time overcoming feelings of guilt about doing so (stage 3
psych dilemma)
Industry versus inferiority - correct answer a conflict in middle childhood centered
around lack of support for industrious behavior, which can result in feelings of inferiority.
(stage 4 psych dilemma)
Identity versus role confusion - correct answer a major conflict of adolescence, involving
the need to establish a consistent personal identity. (stage 5 psych dilemma)
Intimacy versus isolation - correct answer the challenge in early adulthood of
establishing intimacy with friends, family, a lover, or a spouse, versus experiencing a
sense of isolation (stage 6 psych dilemma)
Generativity versus stagnation - correct answer a conflict of middle adulthood in which
stagnant concern for oneself is countered by interest in guiding the next generation
(stage 7 psych dilemma)
, Integrity versus despair - correct answer a conflict in old age between feelings of
personal integrity and the despair that occurs when previous life events are viewed with
regret (stage 8 psych dilemma)
Overprotection - correct answer excessively guarding and shielding a child from
possible stresses
Sibling rivalry - correct answer competition among brothers and sisters for attention,
dominance, status within the family, and so forth
Childhood rebellion - correct answer open resistance to, or defiance of, adult authority.
Enuresis - correct answer an inability to control urination, particularly with regard to bed-
wetting
Encopresis - correct answer a lack of bowel control "soiling"
Overeating - correct answer eating in excess of one's daily caloric needs
Anorexia nervosa - correct answer active self-starvation or a sustained loss of appetite
that has psychological origins
Pica - correct answer eating or chewing on inedible objects or substances such as
chalk, ashes, and the like
Delayed speech - correct answer speech that begins well after the normal age for
language development has passed
Stuttering - correct answer chronic hesitation or stumbling in speech
Learning disorders - correct answer any problem with thinking, perception, language,
attention, or activity levels that tends to impair learning ability
Dyslexia - correct answer an inability to read with understanding, often caused by a
tendency to misread letters (by seeing their mirror images, for instance)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - correct answer a behavioral problem
characterized by short attention span, restless movement, and impaired learning
capacity
Behavior modification - correct answer applying principles of learning to change or
eliminate maladaptive or abnormal behavior
Conduct disorder - correct answer a pattern in which children consistently violate rules
and behave aggressively and destructively
