Chapter 1- Lifespan Development Exam Answered
Correctly #10
Age-graded influences - correct answer influences on lifespan development that are
strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long
they last
Behavior modification - correct answer procedures that combine conditioning and
modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses
Behaviorism - correct answer an approach that regards directly observable events as
the appropriate focus of study and views the development of behavior as taking place
through classical and operant conditioning
Chronosystem - correct answer in ecological systems theory, temporal changes in
env'ts, either extremely imposed or arising from w/in the person, that produce new
conditions affecting development
Clinical interview - correct answer an interview method in which researchers uses a
flexible, conversational style to probe for the participant's point of view
Clinical, or case study, method - correct answer a research method in which the aim is
to obtain as complete a picture as possible of one individual's psychological functioning
by bringing together interview data, observations, and sometimes test scores
Cognitive-developmental theory - correct answer an approach introduced by piaget that
views children as actively constructing knowledge as they manipulate and explore their
world that regards cognitive development as taking place in stages
Cohort effects - correct answer cultural-historical influences on the accuracy of
longitudinal and cross-sectional research findings. Results based on one cohort -
individuals developing in the same time period, who are influenced by particular
historical and cultural conditions - may not apply to other cohorts
Contexts - correct answer unique combinations of personal and env'tal circumstances
that can result in different paths of development
Continuous development - correct answer the view that development is a process of
gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with
Correlation coefficient - correct answer a number, ranging from +1 to -1, that describes
he strength and direction of the relationship b/n two variables
Correlational design - correct answer a research design in which the investigator
gathers info on individuals w/out altering their experiences and then examines
, relationships b/n participant's characteristics and heir behavior or development. Does
not permit inferences about cause and effect
Cross-sectional design - correct answer a research design in which groups of
participants of different ages are studied at the same point in time
Dependent variable - correct answer the variable the researcher expects to be
influenced by the independent variable in an experiment
Developmental cognitive neuroscience - correct answer an area of investigation that
brings together researchers from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to
study the relationship b/n changes in the brain and the developing person's cognitive
processing and behavior patterns
Developmental science - correct answer an interdisciplinary field devoted to the study of
all changes humans experience throughout the lifespan
Discontinuous development - correct answer the view that development is a process in
which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times
Ecological systems theory - correct answer bronfenbrenner's approach, which views the
person as developing w/in a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels
of the surrounding env't, from immediate settings of family and school to broad cultural
values and programs
Ethnography - correct answer a method in which the researcher attempts to understand
the unique values and social processes of a culture or a distinct social group through
participant observation - living with its members and taking field notes for an extended
time
Ethology - correct answer an approach concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value
of behavior and its evolutionary history
Evolutionary developmental psychology - correct answer an approach that seeks to
understand the adaptive value of species-wide cognitive, emotional, and social
competencies as those competencies change with age
Exosystem - correct answer in ecological systems theory, social settings that do not
contain the developing person but nevertheless affect experiences in immediate
settings
Experimental design - correct answer a research design in which the investigator
randomly assigns participants to two or more treatment conditions and studies the effect
that manipulating an independent variable has on a dependent variable, permits
inferences about cause and effect
Correctly #10
Age-graded influences - correct answer influences on lifespan development that are
strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long
they last
Behavior modification - correct answer procedures that combine conditioning and
modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses
Behaviorism - correct answer an approach that regards directly observable events as
the appropriate focus of study and views the development of behavior as taking place
through classical and operant conditioning
Chronosystem - correct answer in ecological systems theory, temporal changes in
env'ts, either extremely imposed or arising from w/in the person, that produce new
conditions affecting development
Clinical interview - correct answer an interview method in which researchers uses a
flexible, conversational style to probe for the participant's point of view
Clinical, or case study, method - correct answer a research method in which the aim is
to obtain as complete a picture as possible of one individual's psychological functioning
by bringing together interview data, observations, and sometimes test scores
Cognitive-developmental theory - correct answer an approach introduced by piaget that
views children as actively constructing knowledge as they manipulate and explore their
world that regards cognitive development as taking place in stages
Cohort effects - correct answer cultural-historical influences on the accuracy of
longitudinal and cross-sectional research findings. Results based on one cohort -
individuals developing in the same time period, who are influenced by particular
historical and cultural conditions - may not apply to other cohorts
Contexts - correct answer unique combinations of personal and env'tal circumstances
that can result in different paths of development
Continuous development - correct answer the view that development is a process of
gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with
Correlation coefficient - correct answer a number, ranging from +1 to -1, that describes
he strength and direction of the relationship b/n two variables
Correlational design - correct answer a research design in which the investigator
gathers info on individuals w/out altering their experiences and then examines
, relationships b/n participant's characteristics and heir behavior or development. Does
not permit inferences about cause and effect
Cross-sectional design - correct answer a research design in which groups of
participants of different ages are studied at the same point in time
Dependent variable - correct answer the variable the researcher expects to be
influenced by the independent variable in an experiment
Developmental cognitive neuroscience - correct answer an area of investigation that
brings together researchers from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to
study the relationship b/n changes in the brain and the developing person's cognitive
processing and behavior patterns
Developmental science - correct answer an interdisciplinary field devoted to the study of
all changes humans experience throughout the lifespan
Discontinuous development - correct answer the view that development is a process in
which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times
Ecological systems theory - correct answer bronfenbrenner's approach, which views the
person as developing w/in a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels
of the surrounding env't, from immediate settings of family and school to broad cultural
values and programs
Ethnography - correct answer a method in which the researcher attempts to understand
the unique values and social processes of a culture or a distinct social group through
participant observation - living with its members and taking field notes for an extended
time
Ethology - correct answer an approach concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value
of behavior and its evolutionary history
Evolutionary developmental psychology - correct answer an approach that seeks to
understand the adaptive value of species-wide cognitive, emotional, and social
competencies as those competencies change with age
Exosystem - correct answer in ecological systems theory, social settings that do not
contain the developing person but nevertheless affect experiences in immediate
settings
Experimental design - correct answer a research design in which the investigator
randomly assigns participants to two or more treatment conditions and studies the effect
that manipulating an independent variable has on a dependent variable, permits
inferences about cause and effect
