Test Bank
Environmental Science: A Global Concern 16th Edition by William
P. Cunningham and Mary Ann Cunningham: Test Bank
, Table of Contents
Part I: Understanding the Environment
1. Understanding Our Environment
2. Principles of Science and Systems
3. Matter, Energy, and Life
Part II: Living Systems
4. Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions
5. Biomes: Global Patterns of Life
6. Population Biology
7. Human Populations
Part III: Human Health and Food Systems
8. Environmental Health and Toxicology
9. Food and Hunger
10. Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices
Part IV: Biodiversity and Conservation
11. Biodiversity: Preserving Species
12. Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes
13. Restoration Ecology
Part V: Earth Systems and Resources
14. Geology and Earth Resources
15. Climate Systems and Climate Change
Part VI: Pollution and Environmental Degradation
16. Air Pollution
17. Water Use and Management
18. Water Pollution
Part VII: Energy Resources
19. Conventional Energy
20. Sustainable Energy
Part VIII: Waste and Urban Systems
21. Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste
22. Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
Part IX: Economics, Policy, and the Future
23. Ecological Economics
24. Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning
25. What Then Shall We Do?
,CHAPTER 01: Understanding Our Environment
(Questions & Answers)
1) To say that environmental science is mission oriented means it is
A) a highly organized endeavor.
B) essentially an information gathering endeavor.
C) oriented toward solving problems.
D) designed to understand relationships.
Answer: C
Rationale: Environmental science is applied and solution-focused, aiming to solve
environmental problems.
2) If everyone in the world lived a lifestyle similar to the average U.S. citizen we would need
________ more planets to support everyone.
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight
Answer: B
Rationale: High consumption lifestyles require multiple Earths to sustain global demand.
3) About ________ of the world's people currently lack access to clean water, adequate diet,
basic sanitation, and other essential needs.
A) 100 million
B) 300 million
C) 700 million
D) 1.4 billion
Answer: C
Rationale: Hundreds of millions still lack basic human necessities.
4) Sustainable development means
A) improving people's lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future.
B) providing ever-increasing amounts of adequate housing.
C) continued growth indefinitely as long as it can be paid off.
D) utilizing an ever-increasing quantity of natural resources.
Answer: A
Rationale: It balances present needs with future sustainability.
,5) The earliest documented recognition that misuse of the natural environment can have nasty
consequences was
A) George Perkins Marsh (1864)
B) Rachel Carson (1962)
C) Roosevelt
D) Plato
Answer: D
Rationale: Plato described environmental degradation in ancient Greece.
6) Which of the following presently provides 80 percent of the energy used in industrialized
countries?
A) fossil fuels
B) wind
C) hydroelectric power
D) solar
Answer: A
Rationale: Fossil fuels dominate global energy use.
7) The position that nature deserves to be protected in its own right is called
A) biocentric preservation
B) utilitarian conservation
C) environmentalism
D) global environmentalism
Answer: A
Rationale: This philosophy values nature intrinsically.
8) ________ constitutes 4.6 percent of the world's people yet produces about 50 percent of all
toxic waste.
A) China
B) Germany
C) Russia
D) The United States
Answer: D
Rationale: Reflects disproportionate consumption.
9) The text suggests there is not a strong connection between poverty and environmental
degradation.
, ⊚ true
⊚ false
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: Poverty and environmental degradation are closely linked.
10) Most people agree that global climate change is not a real environmental threat.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: Climate change is widely recognized as a major threat.
11) By 2050, the earth is projected to have a population between
A) 8 and 10 billion
B) 7 and 8 billion
C) 8 and 9 billion
D) 10 and 12 billion
Answer: A
Rationale: Common UN projections.
12) Loss of indigenous cultures is accompanied by loss of unique understanding of nature.
⊚ true ⊚ false
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: Indigenous knowledge contributes to sustainability.
13) An important reason for determining the size of a society's ecological footprint is to
determine the sustainability of its lifestyle.
⊚ true ⊚ false
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: It measures environmental impact.
14) One of the earliest models for conservation in the United States was based on utilitarian
conservation.
⊚ true ⊚ false
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: Focused on resource use.
Environmental Science: A Global Concern 16th Edition by William
P. Cunningham and Mary Ann Cunningham: Test Bank
, Table of Contents
Part I: Understanding the Environment
1. Understanding Our Environment
2. Principles of Science and Systems
3. Matter, Energy, and Life
Part II: Living Systems
4. Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions
5. Biomes: Global Patterns of Life
6. Population Biology
7. Human Populations
Part III: Human Health and Food Systems
8. Environmental Health and Toxicology
9. Food and Hunger
10. Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices
Part IV: Biodiversity and Conservation
11. Biodiversity: Preserving Species
12. Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes
13. Restoration Ecology
Part V: Earth Systems and Resources
14. Geology and Earth Resources
15. Climate Systems and Climate Change
Part VI: Pollution and Environmental Degradation
16. Air Pollution
17. Water Use and Management
18. Water Pollution
Part VII: Energy Resources
19. Conventional Energy
20. Sustainable Energy
Part VIII: Waste and Urban Systems
21. Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste
22. Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
Part IX: Economics, Policy, and the Future
23. Ecological Economics
24. Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning
25. What Then Shall We Do?
,CHAPTER 01: Understanding Our Environment
(Questions & Answers)
1) To say that environmental science is mission oriented means it is
A) a highly organized endeavor.
B) essentially an information gathering endeavor.
C) oriented toward solving problems.
D) designed to understand relationships.
Answer: C
Rationale: Environmental science is applied and solution-focused, aiming to solve
environmental problems.
2) If everyone in the world lived a lifestyle similar to the average U.S. citizen we would need
________ more planets to support everyone.
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight
Answer: B
Rationale: High consumption lifestyles require multiple Earths to sustain global demand.
3) About ________ of the world's people currently lack access to clean water, adequate diet,
basic sanitation, and other essential needs.
A) 100 million
B) 300 million
C) 700 million
D) 1.4 billion
Answer: C
Rationale: Hundreds of millions still lack basic human necessities.
4) Sustainable development means
A) improving people's lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future.
B) providing ever-increasing amounts of adequate housing.
C) continued growth indefinitely as long as it can be paid off.
D) utilizing an ever-increasing quantity of natural resources.
Answer: A
Rationale: It balances present needs with future sustainability.
,5) The earliest documented recognition that misuse of the natural environment can have nasty
consequences was
A) George Perkins Marsh (1864)
B) Rachel Carson (1962)
C) Roosevelt
D) Plato
Answer: D
Rationale: Plato described environmental degradation in ancient Greece.
6) Which of the following presently provides 80 percent of the energy used in industrialized
countries?
A) fossil fuels
B) wind
C) hydroelectric power
D) solar
Answer: A
Rationale: Fossil fuels dominate global energy use.
7) The position that nature deserves to be protected in its own right is called
A) biocentric preservation
B) utilitarian conservation
C) environmentalism
D) global environmentalism
Answer: A
Rationale: This philosophy values nature intrinsically.
8) ________ constitutes 4.6 percent of the world's people yet produces about 50 percent of all
toxic waste.
A) China
B) Germany
C) Russia
D) The United States
Answer: D
Rationale: Reflects disproportionate consumption.
9) The text suggests there is not a strong connection between poverty and environmental
degradation.
, ⊚ true
⊚ false
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: Poverty and environmental degradation are closely linked.
10) Most people agree that global climate change is not a real environmental threat.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Answer: FALSE
Rationale: Climate change is widely recognized as a major threat.
11) By 2050, the earth is projected to have a population between
A) 8 and 10 billion
B) 7 and 8 billion
C) 8 and 9 billion
D) 10 and 12 billion
Answer: A
Rationale: Common UN projections.
12) Loss of indigenous cultures is accompanied by loss of unique understanding of nature.
⊚ true ⊚ false
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: Indigenous knowledge contributes to sustainability.
13) An important reason for determining the size of a society's ecological footprint is to
determine the sustainability of its lifestyle.
⊚ true ⊚ false
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: It measures environmental impact.
14) One of the earliest models for conservation in the United States was based on utilitarian
conservation.
⊚ true ⊚ false
Answer: TRUE
Rationale: Focused on resource use.
