Anthropology Final Actual Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!
1. Charles Darwin - ANSWER father of evolution
2. Adaptive Radiation - ANSWER a single species develops into a bunch of
different species in different environments
3. Cladistics/Phylogenetic - ANSWER classifications based on
synapomorphies; reflects underlying evolutionary relationship
4. Technical Intelligence Model - ANSWER argues brain size increases with
tool use and extractive foraging; capuchin monkeys have biggest brains and
engages the most in tool use
5. Conflict and Cooperation - ANSWER conflict disrupts cooperative benefits
and increases stress in both parties; reconciliation is necessary
6. Sahelanthropus tchadensis - ANSWER discovered in chad, lived 6 to 7
MYA; orthognathic face, 350 cc brain capacity, thick single brow ridge; small
canines with no diastema, U-shaped toothrow, small back teeth, medium
thick tooth enamel
,7. Taphonomy - ANSWER the study of the process affecting animals from
the time of death until the discovery of their fossil
8. Discrete Trait - ANSWER you either have it or you don't
9. Tenets of Natural Selection - ANSWER variation, inheritance, and
selection
10. Sexual Selection - ANSWER adaptions form from successful mating
11. Orrorin tugensis - ANSWER "the original man from Tugen", discovered in
Kenya, lived around 6.1 MYA; thick tooth enamel, apelike molars and upper
canines; evidence of bipedalism, higher femur neck angle; cortical distribution
is thicker on top and bottom; curved phalanges used to climb trees
12. Fossils - ANSWER remains or indications of past organisms
13. Continuous Trait - ANSWER vary along the way
14. Anthropometry - ANSWER measurement of phenotypic aspects of human
variation; uses index as a tool
15. Taphonomic Bias - ANSWER influences that increase the chance of
fossilization include dying near water, dying near volcanos; having more body
mass/size at time of death and finally soft bones fossilize better than hard
bones;
,Remember: Wet, Hot, Big and Hard
16. Adripithecus ramidus - ANSWER "ground-living root hominid", discovered
in Ethiopia, lived around 4.4 MYA; ape-sized brain, prognathic face, bigger
back teeth; evidence of bipedalism in pelvis and abducted hallux
17. Intrasexual Competition - ANSWER competition between members of the
same sex; winner gets to mate
18. Australopithecus anamensis - ANSWER "the first australopithecus",
discovered in Kenya, lived from 4.2 MYA to 3.9 MYA; large canines, premolars
with one cusp, thick tooth enamel; evidence of bipedlism in valgus knee
19. Strata - ANSWER layers of rock
20. Index - ANSWER a ratio useful for eliminating size confounds
21. Intersexual Competition - ANSWER based on female selection; attractive
ones get to mate
22. Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER single celled, no nucleus
23. Australopithecus afarensis - ANSWER "lucy", discovered all over East
Africa, lived 3.6 to 3.0 MYA; premolar with single cusp, thick tooth enamel, big
back teeth, large canines with diastema; small chimp-like brain and slight
prognathism; form of bipedalism evident in pelvis and valgus knee, no
, grasping toe with human like feet, curved phalanges; possible body size
dimorphism
24. Stratigraphy - ANSWER the study of the distribution of strata
25. Population Genetics - ANSWER genetic variation within and between
groups of organisms
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER structurally complex, necleus and DNA
Australopthecus bahrelghazali - ANSWER discovered in Chad, lived around
3.6 MYA; dated using beryllium based radiometric dating
Principle of Original Horizontality - ANSWER materials don't form vertical
pillars, they distribute into a flat, horizontal level
Cline - ANSWER distribution of a trait across geographic space
Principle of Superposition - ANSWER the rock layers laid down first will be on
the bottom, while newer layers collect ontop
Fixed - ANSWER when a trait is no longer polymorphic
Australopithecus garhi - ANSWER "surprise!", discovered in Ethiopia, lived
around 2.5 MYA; long forearms of apes with long legs of humans; possible stone
tool use
Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!
1. Charles Darwin - ANSWER father of evolution
2. Adaptive Radiation - ANSWER a single species develops into a bunch of
different species in different environments
3. Cladistics/Phylogenetic - ANSWER classifications based on
synapomorphies; reflects underlying evolutionary relationship
4. Technical Intelligence Model - ANSWER argues brain size increases with
tool use and extractive foraging; capuchin monkeys have biggest brains and
engages the most in tool use
5. Conflict and Cooperation - ANSWER conflict disrupts cooperative benefits
and increases stress in both parties; reconciliation is necessary
6. Sahelanthropus tchadensis - ANSWER discovered in chad, lived 6 to 7
MYA; orthognathic face, 350 cc brain capacity, thick single brow ridge; small
canines with no diastema, U-shaped toothrow, small back teeth, medium
thick tooth enamel
,7. Taphonomy - ANSWER the study of the process affecting animals from
the time of death until the discovery of their fossil
8. Discrete Trait - ANSWER you either have it or you don't
9. Tenets of Natural Selection - ANSWER variation, inheritance, and
selection
10. Sexual Selection - ANSWER adaptions form from successful mating
11. Orrorin tugensis - ANSWER "the original man from Tugen", discovered in
Kenya, lived around 6.1 MYA; thick tooth enamel, apelike molars and upper
canines; evidence of bipedalism, higher femur neck angle; cortical distribution
is thicker on top and bottom; curved phalanges used to climb trees
12. Fossils - ANSWER remains or indications of past organisms
13. Continuous Trait - ANSWER vary along the way
14. Anthropometry - ANSWER measurement of phenotypic aspects of human
variation; uses index as a tool
15. Taphonomic Bias - ANSWER influences that increase the chance of
fossilization include dying near water, dying near volcanos; having more body
mass/size at time of death and finally soft bones fossilize better than hard
bones;
,Remember: Wet, Hot, Big and Hard
16. Adripithecus ramidus - ANSWER "ground-living root hominid", discovered
in Ethiopia, lived around 4.4 MYA; ape-sized brain, prognathic face, bigger
back teeth; evidence of bipedalism in pelvis and abducted hallux
17. Intrasexual Competition - ANSWER competition between members of the
same sex; winner gets to mate
18. Australopithecus anamensis - ANSWER "the first australopithecus",
discovered in Kenya, lived from 4.2 MYA to 3.9 MYA; large canines, premolars
with one cusp, thick tooth enamel; evidence of bipedlism in valgus knee
19. Strata - ANSWER layers of rock
20. Index - ANSWER a ratio useful for eliminating size confounds
21. Intersexual Competition - ANSWER based on female selection; attractive
ones get to mate
22. Prokaryotic Cells - ANSWER single celled, no nucleus
23. Australopithecus afarensis - ANSWER "lucy", discovered all over East
Africa, lived 3.6 to 3.0 MYA; premolar with single cusp, thick tooth enamel, big
back teeth, large canines with diastema; small chimp-like brain and slight
prognathism; form of bipedalism evident in pelvis and valgus knee, no
, grasping toe with human like feet, curved phalanges; possible body size
dimorphism
24. Stratigraphy - ANSWER the study of the distribution of strata
25. Population Genetics - ANSWER genetic variation within and between
groups of organisms
Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER structurally complex, necleus and DNA
Australopthecus bahrelghazali - ANSWER discovered in Chad, lived around
3.6 MYA; dated using beryllium based radiometric dating
Principle of Original Horizontality - ANSWER materials don't form vertical
pillars, they distribute into a flat, horizontal level
Cline - ANSWER distribution of a trait across geographic space
Principle of Superposition - ANSWER the rock layers laid down first will be on
the bottom, while newer layers collect ontop
Fixed - ANSWER when a trait is no longer polymorphic
Australopithecus garhi - ANSWER "surprise!", discovered in Ethiopia, lived
around 2.5 MYA; long forearms of apes with long legs of humans; possible stone
tool use
