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1. Statute - ANSWER A law enacted by a legislature that is generally
applicable within that jurisdiction of that legislature
2. Ordinance - ANSWER A law enacted by a local governing body such as a
city council or a county commission. Deal with matters of local concern
3. Executive order - ANSWER an order issued by a president, governor,
county executive, or mayor relating to matters over which the executive
official has authority
4. Treaty - ANSWER A legally binding agreement between countries
5. Regulation - ANSWER A rule promulgated by a regulatory agency
6. Judicial decision - ANSWER A decision by a court of law enunciating a
principle of law
,7. Libertarian view of law - ANSWER Law should be limited to protecting
the security of the individual and should not enforce traditional notions of
morality. Considerable support in the US
8. Critical legal studies - ANSWER Carries on the radical tradition in legal
thought of thinking law is a tool of oppression
9. Code of Hammurabi - ANSWER Oldest written legal code produced in
Babylonia dealing with property rights, family relationships, personal
injuries, and the collection of debts. Believed law was of divine origin.
Adopted Lex Talionis. Protected people of both genders and social classes.
10.Lex Talionis - ANSWER Law of retaliation or "eye for an eye"
11.Code of Draco/ Salon - ANSWER Liberal character- permitted litigants to
appeal the decision of magistrates to public assemblies-- foreshadowed
right to trial by peers
12.Most significant of ancient legal code - ANSWER Roman law
13.Roman law - ANSWER Introduction of the 12 tables, basis of roman law
for 1000 years, although modified, expanded, and extended through
imperial edits
14.Code of Justinian - ANSWER produced a systematic codification of
Roman Law. Result was the corpus juris civilis (body of civil law), aka Code
of Justinian.
,15.Novellae - ANSWER New laws added to code of justinian, placing long-
established roman customs in statutory form.
16.Canon law - ANSWER Throughout middle ages, law of the roman
catholic church exercised great control in personal relations such as
marriage and inheritance.
17.Napoleonic code - ANSWER Codification of all civil and criminal laws of
France. Based on Code of Justinian. Modern bc it was secular, rational,
comprehensive, and written in the common language for people. Became
model for system of law for Western Europe
18.English common law - ANSWER American law is derived from England.
Courts grew increasingly popular due to their reliance on trial by jury.
Judges began looking at decisions of their colleagues- these decisions grew
a law common to the entire kingdom
19.Magna Carta - ANSWER A series of promises that the King would follow
the dictates of the law in dealing with his subjects and vassals. established
idea that gov is subject to rule of law.
20.Essential idea constitution is based upon - ANSWER Rule of law-
adopted by magna carta
21.Source of due process of law - ANSWER Magna Carta
, 22.Due process of law - ANSWER Law of the land- one can only be
convicted if he has lawful judgement of his peers or the law of the land
23.Precedents - ANSWER Previous related cases that guide judges in
making decisions
24.Legal codes - ANSWER Roman law systems are based upon
25.Common law is developed through - ANSWER Judicial decisons
26.Stare Decisis - ANSWER The common law doctrine of following
precedent, means "stand by that which is decided"
27.Crime - ANSWER Defined by common law, an intentional evil act that
produced harm to society
28.Plantiff - ANSWER In criminal cases, sovereign is the side initiating the
legal action
29.Defendent - ANSWER Accused offender
30.A breach of contract - ANSWER When a party of a contract violates the
terms
31.Torts - ANSWER Wrongful act that did not violate any enforceable
agreement but nevertheless violated a legal right of the injured party