IP Addressing ○ Specialized IPs
■ Loopback Addresses (127.x.x.x range)
1.4 - Given a scenario, configure a subnet and use appropriate IP ●Refers to the device itself and used for testing
addressing schemes ●Most commonly used as 127.0.0.1
1.6 - Explain the use and purpose of network services ■ Automatic Private IP Addresses (APIPA)
●Dynamically assigned by OS when DHCP server is unavailable and
● Internet Protocol (IP) Address address not assigned manually
○ An assigned numerical label that is used to identify Internet communicating ■ Range of 169.254.x.x
devices on a computer network
■ Layer 2
●Between two devices that are internal to own network or LAN
■ Layer 3
●Between two different networks or even two different subnets Special address ranges never assigned by an administrator or DHCP server
○ Identifying Network and Hosts in IPv4
● IPv4 Addressing
○ Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Addressing
■ Written in dotted-decimal notation
●10.1.2.3
●172.21.243.67
■ Each IPv4 address is divided into 4 separate numbers and divided by dots
■ Each of these divisions are called octets due to having 8 bits assigned
■ 32-bits in length
○ Virtual IP Addresses (VIP or VIPA)
■ IPv4 address is divided into network and host portions ■ An IP address that does not correlate to an actual physical network
■ Subnet mask defines the network portion interface
●Network portion if a binary 1 ■ respond to numerous IP addresses and have them resolve to your
●Host portion if binary 0 physical network interface to establish connectivity
○ Subinterfaces
■ A virtual interface that is created by dividing up one physical interface into
multiple logical interfaces
● IPv4 Data Flows
○ Classes of IP Addresses ○ Unicast
■ Default subnet mask assigned by first octet ■ Data travels from a single source device to a single destination device
●Classful Masks if using default subnet mask
■ Defines the Class of IP Address
○ Multicast
■ Data travels from a single source device to multiple (but specific)
Notice that 127 is skipped between Class A and Class B since it is a destination devices
reserved block for the loopback address (127.0.0.1)
○ Routable IPs
■ Publicly routable IP addresses are globally managed by ICANN
●Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
○ ARIN, LACNIC, AFNIC, APNIC, and RIPE NCC
■ Public IP’s must be purchased before use through your Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
○ Private IPs ○ Broadcast
■ Private IP’s can be used by anyone ■ Data travels from a single source device to all devices on a destination
■ Not routable outside your local area network network
■ Network Address Translation (NAT) allows for routing of private IPs
through a public IP
■ Loopback Addresses (127.x.x.x range)
1.4 - Given a scenario, configure a subnet and use appropriate IP ●Refers to the device itself and used for testing
addressing schemes ●Most commonly used as 127.0.0.1
1.6 - Explain the use and purpose of network services ■ Automatic Private IP Addresses (APIPA)
●Dynamically assigned by OS when DHCP server is unavailable and
● Internet Protocol (IP) Address address not assigned manually
○ An assigned numerical label that is used to identify Internet communicating ■ Range of 169.254.x.x
devices on a computer network
■ Layer 2
●Between two devices that are internal to own network or LAN
■ Layer 3
●Between two different networks or even two different subnets Special address ranges never assigned by an administrator or DHCP server
○ Identifying Network and Hosts in IPv4
● IPv4 Addressing
○ Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Addressing
■ Written in dotted-decimal notation
●10.1.2.3
●172.21.243.67
■ Each IPv4 address is divided into 4 separate numbers and divided by dots
■ Each of these divisions are called octets due to having 8 bits assigned
■ 32-bits in length
○ Virtual IP Addresses (VIP or VIPA)
■ IPv4 address is divided into network and host portions ■ An IP address that does not correlate to an actual physical network
■ Subnet mask defines the network portion interface
●Network portion if a binary 1 ■ respond to numerous IP addresses and have them resolve to your
●Host portion if binary 0 physical network interface to establish connectivity
○ Subinterfaces
■ A virtual interface that is created by dividing up one physical interface into
multiple logical interfaces
● IPv4 Data Flows
○ Classes of IP Addresses ○ Unicast
■ Default subnet mask assigned by first octet ■ Data travels from a single source device to a single destination device
●Classful Masks if using default subnet mask
■ Defines the Class of IP Address
○ Multicast
■ Data travels from a single source device to multiple (but specific)
Notice that 127 is skipped between Class A and Class B since it is a destination devices
reserved block for the loopback address (127.0.0.1)
○ Routable IPs
■ Publicly routable IP addresses are globally managed by ICANN
●Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
○ ARIN, LACNIC, AFNIC, APNIC, and RIPE NCC
■ Public IP’s must be purchased before use through your Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
○ Private IPs ○ Broadcast
■ Private IP’s can be used by anyone ■ Data travels from a single source device to all devices on a destination
■ Not routable outside your local area network network
■ Network Address Translation (NAT) allows for routing of private IPs
through a public IP
