IBSS 1540 Exam 1 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025
UPDATED | 100% RATED CORRECT| GRADED A+| GET IT CORRECT!!
What is the role of cleavage in the synthesis of peptide/protein hormones? - (answer)they are
synthesized as longer precursors called pre-pro-hormones. They undergo two cleavage events
when they are packaged, ultimately resulting in the hormone and separate pro fragments being
stored in vessicles
What are five main second messengers used to initiate an intracellular response with protein and
peptide hormones? - (answer)cAMP, cGMP, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium
How do protein and peptide hormones initiate a cellular response? Why? - (answer)they initiate a
response through the activity of second messengers since they interact with receptors on the
plasma membrane
Do protein and peptide hormones usually have a short or long half life? why? - (answer)it is
usually short, because they are not associated with proteins in the blood, meaning they are more
susceptible to destruction
Why do protein and peptide hormones not require transport proteins? - (answer)they are
hydrophilic and can dissolve in the plasma without these proteins
which types of hormones have a more rapid action? why? - (answer)protein/peptide, because
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they are pre-fromed and stored within cells, and are released immediately when they are needed
阅读的”中文文章
what are three characteristics of hormone receptors? - (answer)specificity, affinity for hormone,
and saturability
What is an example of counter-regulatory hormones? - (answer)glucagon, which increases blood
glucose, and insulin, which lowers blood glucose
,What are four types of regulation that can occur in order to modify the number of cellular
receptors for a hormone? - (answer)up regulation, down regulation, homologous regulation, and
heterologous regulation
What form of regulation controls hormone activity? - (answer)feedback loops
What are endocrine hormones? - (answer)hormones that are synthesized by an endocrine cell,
released into the bloodstream, and act on a distant cell
What is an example of a hormone that is an amino acid derivative? - (answer)thyroid hormone
Is growth hormone a polypeptide or protein hormone? - (answer)protein
What are two examples of steroid hormones? - (answer)cortisol and vitamin D3
what molecule do all steroid hormones derive from? - (answer)cholesterol
Are most hormones peptide, amino acid, or steroid hormones? - (answer)peptide hormones
What kind of interaction exists between hormone and its receptor? - (answer)a reversible, non-
covalent interaction
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阅读的”中文文章
In general, is most feedback regulation of hormone activity usually positive or negative? -
(answer)negative
where are hormone receptors usually located for peptide vs steroid hormones? - (answer)peptide
hormones usually have receptors on the plasma membrane while steroid hormones have
intracellular ones
Where are hormone receptors located? - (answer)they can be located either on the plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, or within the nucleus depending on the identity of the hormone
,What is the role of receptors in hormone action? - (answer)receptors are required for a response
to be initiated and are specific for the specific hormones
Is oxytocin a polypeptide or protein hormone? - (answer)polypeptide
What is the difference between a polypeptide and protein hormone? - (answer)polypeptide
hormones are shorter, containing fewer amino acids in their sequence
What are four examples of different classes of hormones based on structure? - (answer)amino
acid derivatives, polypeptides, proteins, and steroids
What are cytokines? - (answer)peptide messengers that can act as endocrine, autocrine, or
paracrine hormones
What is the difference between neurotransmitters and neurohormones? -
(answer)neurotransmitters are released from axons into the synaptic cleft, where they have an
effect on the target cell. neurohormones are released from axons into the blood and have action
on distant target cells
What are neuroendocrine hormones? - (answer)hormones that are released from axons of
neurons into the bloodstream to have an effect on distant cells
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Are cytokines endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine? - (answer)they can be all three
What are autocrine hormones? - (answer)hormones that act on the same cell they are released
from
What are paracrine hormones? - (answer)hormones that are released by one cell and act on a
target cell in the same tissue
, What are the three major structural classes that hormones fall into? - (answer)peptides/proteins,
steroids, and amino acid derivatives
What are two examples of hormones that are amino acid derivatives from tyrosine? -
(answer)thyroid hormone and the catecholamines
Between negative and positive feedback, which regulates and stabilizes? - (answer)negative
Between negative and positive feedback, which is non-regulatory and unstable? -
(answer)positive
Is oxytocin involved in a negative or positive feedback loop when it participates in uterine
contractions? - (answer)positive
Will hormones with high metabolic clearance rates have high or low half lifespan's? -
(answer)low half life
What is the effect of number of hormone receptors on cellular response to that hormone? -
(answer)tissues with more receptors can bind more hormone and thus will have a higher cellular
response
Which kinds of hormones usually travel through the blood bound to proteins? What is the effect
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on free hormone concentration? - (answer)steroid hormones. This causes free hormone
concentration to decreaset 阅读的”中文文章
Do peptide hormones or steroid hormones usually have a shorter half life? Why? -
(answer)peptide hormones, because they do not bind proteins when traveling through the blood
and are more susceptible to destruction
What is the effect of hormones bound to protein in the free hormone concentration? -
(answer)hormones that are bound to proteins are not free to interact with receptors, so if more
hormones are bound to proteins, there is a lower concentration of free hormones
UPDATED | 100% RATED CORRECT| GRADED A+| GET IT CORRECT!!
What is the role of cleavage in the synthesis of peptide/protein hormones? - (answer)they are
synthesized as longer precursors called pre-pro-hormones. They undergo two cleavage events
when they are packaged, ultimately resulting in the hormone and separate pro fragments being
stored in vessicles
What are five main second messengers used to initiate an intracellular response with protein and
peptide hormones? - (answer)cAMP, cGMP, inositol triphosphate, diacylglycerol, and calcium
How do protein and peptide hormones initiate a cellular response? Why? - (answer)they initiate a
response through the activity of second messengers since they interact with receptors on the
plasma membrane
Do protein and peptide hormones usually have a short or long half life? why? - (answer)it is
usually short, because they are not associated with proteins in the blood, meaning they are more
susceptible to destruction
Why do protein and peptide hormones not require transport proteins? - (answer)they are
hydrophilic and can dissolve in the plasma without these proteins
which types of hormones have a more rapid action? why? - (answer)protein/peptide, because
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易
they are pre-fromed and stored within cells, and are released immediately when they are needed
阅读的”中文文章
what are three characteristics of hormone receptors? - (answer)specificity, affinity for hormone,
and saturability
What is an example of counter-regulatory hormones? - (answer)glucagon, which increases blood
glucose, and insulin, which lowers blood glucose
,What are four types of regulation that can occur in order to modify the number of cellular
receptors for a hormone? - (answer)up regulation, down regulation, homologous regulation, and
heterologous regulation
What form of regulation controls hormone activity? - (answer)feedback loops
What are endocrine hormones? - (answer)hormones that are synthesized by an endocrine cell,
released into the bloodstream, and act on a distant cell
What is an example of a hormone that is an amino acid derivative? - (answer)thyroid hormone
Is growth hormone a polypeptide or protein hormone? - (answer)protein
What are two examples of steroid hormones? - (answer)cortisol and vitamin D3
what molecule do all steroid hormones derive from? - (answer)cholesterol
Are most hormones peptide, amino acid, or steroid hormones? - (answer)peptide hormones
What kind of interaction exists between hormone and its receptor? - (answer)a reversible, non-
covalent interaction
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易
阅读的”中文文章
In general, is most feedback regulation of hormone activity usually positive or negative? -
(answer)negative
where are hormone receptors usually located for peptide vs steroid hormones? - (answer)peptide
hormones usually have receptors on the plasma membrane while steroid hormones have
intracellular ones
Where are hormone receptors located? - (answer)they can be located either on the plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, or within the nucleus depending on the identity of the hormone
,What is the role of receptors in hormone action? - (answer)receptors are required for a response
to be initiated and are specific for the specific hormones
Is oxytocin a polypeptide or protein hormone? - (answer)polypeptide
What is the difference between a polypeptide and protein hormone? - (answer)polypeptide
hormones are shorter, containing fewer amino acids in their sequence
What are four examples of different classes of hormones based on structure? - (answer)amino
acid derivatives, polypeptides, proteins, and steroids
What are cytokines? - (answer)peptide messengers that can act as endocrine, autocrine, or
paracrine hormones
What is the difference between neurotransmitters and neurohormones? -
(answer)neurotransmitters are released from axons into the synaptic cleft, where they have an
effect on the target cell. neurohormones are released from axons into the blood and have action
on distant target cells
What are neuroendocrine hormones? - (answer)hormones that are released from axons of
neurons into the bloodstream to have an effect on distant cells
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易
阅读的”中文文章
Are cytokines endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine? - (answer)they can be all three
What are autocrine hormones? - (answer)hormones that act on the same cell they are released
from
What are paracrine hormones? - (answer)hormones that are released by one cell and act on a
target cell in the same tissue
, What are the three major structural classes that hormones fall into? - (answer)peptides/proteins,
steroids, and amino acid derivatives
What are two examples of hormones that are amino acid derivatives from tyrosine? -
(answer)thyroid hormone and the catecholamines
Between negative and positive feedback, which regulates and stabilizes? - (answer)negative
Between negative and positive feedback, which is non-regulatory and unstable? -
(answer)positive
Is oxytocin involved in a negative or positive feedback loop when it participates in uterine
contractions? - (answer)positive
Will hormones with high metabolic clearance rates have high or low half lifespan's? -
(answer)low half life
What is the effect of number of hormone receptors on cellular response to that hormone? -
(answer)tissues with more receptors can bind more hormone and thus will have a higher cellular
response
Which kinds of hormones usually travel through the blood bound to proteins? What is the effect
你是想要一篇“眼睛容易
on free hormone concentration? - (answer)steroid hormones. This causes free hormone
concentration to decreaset 阅读的”中文文章
Do peptide hormones or steroid hormones usually have a shorter half life? Why? -
(answer)peptide hormones, because they do not bind proteins when traveling through the blood
and are more susceptible to destruction
What is the effect of hormones bound to protein in the free hormone concentration? -
(answer)hormones that are bound to proteins are not free to interact with receptors, so if more
hormones are bound to proteins, there is a lower concentration of free hormones
