NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2 STUDY
GUIDE / 110 + ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
GRADED A+ BEST FOR REVISION !!
, 1. HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) ANSWERS can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait
until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
2. Mast cell ANSWERS Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels.
Activation initiates inflammatory process.
3. Histamine ANSWERS Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site
of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
4. Cytokines ANSWERS Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting
other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-in- flammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
5. Leukotrines ANSWERS Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause
vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
6. Prostaglandins ANSWERS Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause
vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
7. Chemotactic factors ANSWERS Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
8. Neutrophils ANSWERS Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation
9. Monocytes ANSWERS Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for pre- senting antigens to the
CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity. Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
10. Cytokine IL1 function ANSWERS Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the
release of IL6a
11. Cytokine IL6 function ANSWERS Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and
stimulation of RBCs
12. Cytokine TNF function ANSWERS Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver,
causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
13. Cytokine growth factor function ANSWERS Promotes production and maturation of neu- trophils
14. Complement ANSWERS Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vas- cular permeability,
triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
15. Kinin ANSWERS Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases
vascular permeability and vasodilation.
GUIDE / 110 + ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
GRADED A+ BEST FOR REVISION !!
, 1. HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) ANSWERS can use urine, saliva, or serum (most accurate), need to wait
until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard" measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
2. Mast cell ANSWERS Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood vessels.
Activation initiates inflammatory process.
3. Histamine ANSWERS Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow to the site
of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
4. Cytokines ANSWERS Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting
other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-in- flammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
5. Leukotrines ANSWERS Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory process. Cause
vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
6. Prostaglandins ANSWERS Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause
vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
7. Chemotactic factors ANSWERS Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of inflammation
8. Neutrophils ANSWERS Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute inflammation
9. Monocytes ANSWERS Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for pre- senting antigens to the
CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity. Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
10. Cytokine IL1 function ANSWERS Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also increases the
release of IL6a
11. Cytokine IL6 function ANSWERS Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes growth and
stimulation of RBCs
12. Cytokine TNF function ANSWERS Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins by liver,
causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
13. Cytokine growth factor function ANSWERS Promotes production and maturation of neu- trophils
14. Complement ANSWERS Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vas- cular permeability,
triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
15. Kinin ANSWERS Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it increases
vascular permeability and vasodilation.
