NURS 231 MODULE 5 PROBLEM SET STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
1.The respiratory system can be divided into what 2 structures?: Conducting airways
and respiratory tissues
2.What are the levels of branching?: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
3.Where is the site of gas exchange?: alveoli
4.What cells are in the alveolar epithelium?: type 1 and 2 alveolar cells,
macrophages
5.Describe what happens during inspiration and expiration:: during inspiration, air is
drawn into the lungs as the respiratory muscles expand the chest cavity. During expiration,
air moves out of the lungs as the chest muscles relax and the chest cavity becomes smaller
6.What occurs with the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration?: the
diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration. When the diaphragm contracts (inspira- tion),
the chest expands. upon expiration, the chest cavity decreases and pressure inside
increases
7.What is lung compliance? What factors affect it?: lung compliance is the ease with
which lungs can be inflated. Elastin, collagen, elastic recoil, and surface tension can affect
lung compliance
8.Tidal volume (tv): the normal volume of air inhaled (or exhaled) with each breath,
~500 mL
9.inspiratory reserve volume (irv): the amount of air that can be forcibly inspired after
taking in a normal breath (VT), ~3100 mL
10.expiratory reserve volume (erv): he amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after
letting out a normal breath (VT), ~1200 mL
11.residual volume (rv): the air remaining in the lung after forced expiration, ~1200 mL
12.Lung capacities: calculated using lung volumes , both of which are measured
independent of the duration
13.vital capacity: the amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximum
(forcible) inhalation, ~4800 mL; VC= tv + irv + erv
14.inspiratory capacity: the max amount of air that can be inhaled following a
normal expiration (VT), ~3600 mL; IC= tv + irv
15.functional residual volume: the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal
expiration (VT), ~2400 mL; FRC= rv + erv
16.total lung capacity: the sum of all the lung volumes, ~6000 mL; TLC = irv + tv
+ erv + rv
17.What is ventilation? Perfusion? Diffusion?: ventilation is the movement of gases
into and out of the lungs. perfusion is the process that allows blood flow to help
facilitate gas exchange. diffusion is the movement of gases across the alveolar-capillary
membrane
1/
2
SOLUTION!!
1.The respiratory system can be divided into what 2 structures?: Conducting airways
and respiratory tissues
2.What are the levels of branching?: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
3.Where is the site of gas exchange?: alveoli
4.What cells are in the alveolar epithelium?: type 1 and 2 alveolar cells,
macrophages
5.Describe what happens during inspiration and expiration:: during inspiration, air is
drawn into the lungs as the respiratory muscles expand the chest cavity. During expiration,
air moves out of the lungs as the chest muscles relax and the chest cavity becomes smaller
6.What occurs with the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration?: the
diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration. When the diaphragm contracts (inspira- tion),
the chest expands. upon expiration, the chest cavity decreases and pressure inside
increases
7.What is lung compliance? What factors affect it?: lung compliance is the ease with
which lungs can be inflated. Elastin, collagen, elastic recoil, and surface tension can affect
lung compliance
8.Tidal volume (tv): the normal volume of air inhaled (or exhaled) with each breath,
~500 mL
9.inspiratory reserve volume (irv): the amount of air that can be forcibly inspired after
taking in a normal breath (VT), ~3100 mL
10.expiratory reserve volume (erv): he amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after
letting out a normal breath (VT), ~1200 mL
11.residual volume (rv): the air remaining in the lung after forced expiration, ~1200 mL
12.Lung capacities: calculated using lung volumes , both of which are measured
independent of the duration
13.vital capacity: the amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximum
(forcible) inhalation, ~4800 mL; VC= tv + irv + erv
14.inspiratory capacity: the max amount of air that can be inhaled following a
normal expiration (VT), ~3600 mL; IC= tv + irv
15.functional residual volume: the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal
expiration (VT), ~2400 mL; FRC= rv + erv
16.total lung capacity: the sum of all the lung volumes, ~6000 mL; TLC = irv + tv
+ erv + rv
17.What is ventilation? Perfusion? Diffusion?: ventilation is the movement of gases
into and out of the lungs. perfusion is the process that allows blood flow to help
facilitate gas exchange. diffusion is the movement of gases across the alveolar-capillary
membrane
1/
2
