Genetic Mutations Exam Questions
Correct Solutions Current Update
Mutation - Answers -✔✔ Any changes in the DNA sequence
Somatic Mutations - Answers -✔✔ mutations that occur at some point in a person's life
(acquired - meaning not inherited)
Germline Mutations - Answers -✔✔ inherited from parents and are present throughout
a person's life
Codon - Answers -✔✔ A sequence of three adjacent bases that provides genetic code
information for a particular amino acid
Nondisjunction - Answers -✔✔ Error in which homologous chromosomes fail to
separate during anaphase
Mutagen - Answers -✔✔ A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and
causes a mutation; found in the environment (UV rays, radiation, smoke)
Three ways mutations can occur: - Answers -✔✔ 1. DNA copying mistakes during cell
division (DNA replication)
2. Exposure to mutagens in the environment (smoking, sunlight, UV radiation)
3. Infection
What is a protein? - Answers -✔✔ Chain of amino acids which determine the
traits/functions of cells
What is the end result of transcription? - Answers -✔✔ mRNA
What is the end result of translation? - Answers -✔✔ protein (chain of amino acids)
Where does translation happen in the cell? - Answers -✔✔ Ribosomes
Gene Mutation - Answers -✔✔ a mutation which only affects one gene
Chromosome Mutation - Answers -✔✔ a mutation which affects a segment of a
chromosome which affects multiple genes
Substitution mutation (gene) - Answers -✔✔ A mutation that exchanges one base for
another.
Correct Solutions Current Update
Mutation - Answers -✔✔ Any changes in the DNA sequence
Somatic Mutations - Answers -✔✔ mutations that occur at some point in a person's life
(acquired - meaning not inherited)
Germline Mutations - Answers -✔✔ inherited from parents and are present throughout
a person's life
Codon - Answers -✔✔ A sequence of three adjacent bases that provides genetic code
information for a particular amino acid
Nondisjunction - Answers -✔✔ Error in which homologous chromosomes fail to
separate during anaphase
Mutagen - Answers -✔✔ A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and
causes a mutation; found in the environment (UV rays, radiation, smoke)
Three ways mutations can occur: - Answers -✔✔ 1. DNA copying mistakes during cell
division (DNA replication)
2. Exposure to mutagens in the environment (smoking, sunlight, UV radiation)
3. Infection
What is a protein? - Answers -✔✔ Chain of amino acids which determine the
traits/functions of cells
What is the end result of transcription? - Answers -✔✔ mRNA
What is the end result of translation? - Answers -✔✔ protein (chain of amino acids)
Where does translation happen in the cell? - Answers -✔✔ Ribosomes
Gene Mutation - Answers -✔✔ a mutation which only affects one gene
Chromosome Mutation - Answers -✔✔ a mutation which affects a segment of a
chromosome which affects multiple genes
Substitution mutation (gene) - Answers -✔✔ A mutation that exchanges one base for
another.
