HDFS Final Examwith Correct Answers
• ccritical cperiod cvs. csensitive cperiod c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A ctime cwhen ca cparticular
ctype cof cdeveloped cgrowth cmust chappen cif cit cis cever cgoing cto chappen cVS. cA ctime
cwhen ca ccertain ctype cof cdevelopment cis cmost clikely cto chappen cor chappen cmost
ceasily, calthough cit cmay cstill chappen clater cwith cmore cdifficulty. cex) clanguage
clearning
• cnature cvs. cnurture c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgeneral cterm cfor cthe ctraits, ccapacities,
cand climitations cof cthat ceach cindividual cinherits cgenetically cfrom chis cor cher cparents
cat cthe cmoment cf cconception cVS. cA cgeneral cterm cfor call cthe cenvironmental
cinfluences cthat caffect cdevelopment cafter can cindividual cis cconceived.
• clifespan cperspective c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔An capproach cto cthe cstudy cof chuman
cdevelopment cthat ctakes cinto caccount call cphases cof clife, cnot cjust cchildhood cor
cadulthood
• cecological csystems c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the cview cthat cin cthe cstudy cof chuman
cdevelopment, cthe cperson cshould cbe cconsidered cin call cthe ccontexts cand
cinteratctions cthat cconstitute ca clife
• ccohort c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgroup cdefined cby cthe cshared cage cof cits cmembers
cwho cbecause cthey cwere cborn cat cabout cthe csame ctime cmove cthough clife ctogether,
cexperiencing cthe csame chistorical cevents cand ccultural cshifts.
• cepigenetic c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Referring cto cthe cthe ceffects cof cenvironmental
cfaces con cthe cexpression cof can cindividuals cor cspecies cgenetic cinheritance.
• csocioeconomic cstatus c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cpersons cpositions cin csociety cas
cdetermined cby cincome, cwealth, coccupation, ceducation, cand cplace cof cresidence.
• cscientific cmethod c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cway cto canswer cquestions cthat crequires
cempirical cresearch cand cdata-based cconclusions.
• cexperiment c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cresearch cmethod cin cwhich cthe creserver ctriers
cto cdetermine cthe ccause cand ceffect crelationship cbetween ctwo cvariables cby
cmanipulating cone can cthen cobserving cand crecording cthe censuing cchanges cin cthe
cother.
,• cplasticity c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔genes cand calleles cthat cmake cpeoples cmore
csusceptible cto cenvironmental cinfluences cfor cbetter cor cworse. cThis cis ca cpart cof
cdifferential csusceptibility.
• cculture c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A csystem cof cshared cbeliefs, cnorms, cbehaviors, cand
cexpectations cthat cpersist cover ctime cand cprescribe csocial cbehavior cand
cassumptions.
What cis cthe cscience cof chuman cdevelopment cand cwhy cis cit cimportant? c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔seeks cto cunderstand chow cand cwhy cpeople, call ckinds cof cpeople
ceverywhere cof cevery cage, cchange cover ctime.
Describe cthe cfive ccharacteristics cof cthe clifespan cperspective. c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔Multidirectional: cmany cchanges cin cevery cdirection, ctraits cappear cand
cdisappear cand cincrease cand cdecrees cover ctime. c
Multi-contextual: cPhysical, cfamily, ccommunity, cand cso con, ceach ccontact caffecting
ceveryone. cHistorical ccontext, csocioeconomic ccontext. c
cMulticultural: cEach cfamily cor ccommunity chas ctheir cown cculture. c
cMultidisciplinary: cHuman cdevelopment crequires cinsight cand cinformation cfrom
cscientists, cpast cand cpresent, cfrom cmany cmultiple cdisciplines.
Plastic: cHuman ctraits ccan cbe cmolded, cand cyet cpeople cmaintain ca ccertain cdurability
cof cidentity. cProvides cboth chope cand crealism.
3. cWhat cis cthe cnature cversus cnurture cdebate cand cwhat cdoes ccurrent cresearch ctell
cus cabout cits cresolution? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cdebate cstems cfrom cthe
cquestion chow cmuch cis cfrom cgenetics cand chow cmuch cis cfrom cthe cenvironment.
cBoth cgenes cand cthe cenvironment chave ca cplay; cso cthe creal canswer clies cin c"how
cmuch" cnot c"which".
• cguided cparticipation c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cprocess cby cwhich cpeople clearn
crom cothers cwho cquite ctheir cexperiences cand cexplorations.
• cconditioning c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔According cto cbehaviorism, cthe cprocess cby
cwhich cresponses cbecome clinked cto ca cparticular cstimuli cand clearning ctakes cplace,
cThe cword cconditioning cis cused cto cemphasize cthe cimportance cof crepeated cpractice.
• ceclectic cperspective c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cperspective ctaken cby cmost
cdevelopmentalists, cin cwhich cthey capply caspects cof ceach cof cthe cvarious ctheories cof
cdevelopment crather cthan cthe cadhering cexclusively cto cone ctheory.
• cmodeling c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The ccentral cprocess cof csocial clearning cby cwhich
ca cperson cobserves cthe cactions cof cothers cand cthen ccopies cthem.
, • creinforcement c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cprocess cby cwhich cbehavior cis cfollowed
cbut csomething cdesired, csuch cas cfood cfor ca chungry canimal.
• cassimilation c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The creinterpretation cof cnew cexperiences cto cfit
cinto cold cideas.
• caccommodation c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The creconstructing cof cold cideas cto cinclude
cnew cexperiences.
• cequilibrium c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔a cstate cin cwhich copposing cforces cor cinfluences
care cbalanced.
• cMaslow's chierarchy cof cneeds c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1. cPhysiological: cbasic
csurvival; cfood, cwater, cshelter
2. cSafe cand csecure: cBeing cprotected cand cdefended c
3. cLove cand cbelonging: cBeing cloved cand cappreciated cin call caspects cof clife
4. cEsteem: cBeing crespected, csuccessful cand cadmired
5. cSelf-actualization: cBecoming ca cunique cand cwonderful cself
What cdo ctheories cdo? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Explains cFacts cand cobservations, cof ca
cset cof cconcepts cand cideas cthat corganize cthe cconfusing cmass cof cexperiences cthat
ceach cof cus cencounters cevery cminute.
o cBehaviorism c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgrand ctheory cof chuman cdevelopment cthat
cstudies cobservable cbehavior. cAlso, ccalled cLearning ctheory, cit cdescribes cthe claws
cand cprocesses cby cwhich cbehavior cis clearned.
o cCognitive ctheory c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgrand ctheory cof chuman cdevelopment
cthat cfocuses con cchanges cin chow cpeople cthink cover ctime. cAccording cto cthis ctheory
cour cthoughts cshape cour cattitudes, cbeliefs cand cbehaviors.
o cInformation-processing ctheory c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cperspective cthat ccompares
chuman cthinking cprocesses cby canalogy, cto ccomputer canalysis cof cdata, cincluding
csensory cinput cconnections, cstored cmemories cand coutput.
o cPsychoanalytic ctheory c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgrand ctheory cof chuman
cdevelopment cthat cholds cthat cirrational, cunconscious cdrives cand cmotives, coften
coriginating cin cchildhood, cunderlie chuman cbehavior.
o cSocial clearning ctheory c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔An cextension cof cbehaviorism cthat
cemphasizes cthe cinfluences cthat cother cpeople chave cover ca cpersons cbehavior.
• ccritical cperiod cvs. csensitive cperiod c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A ctime cwhen ca cparticular
ctype cof cdeveloped cgrowth cmust chappen cif cit cis cever cgoing cto chappen cVS. cA ctime
cwhen ca ccertain ctype cof cdevelopment cis cmost clikely cto chappen cor chappen cmost
ceasily, calthough cit cmay cstill chappen clater cwith cmore cdifficulty. cex) clanguage
clearning
• cnature cvs. cnurture c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgeneral cterm cfor cthe ctraits, ccapacities,
cand climitations cof cthat ceach cindividual cinherits cgenetically cfrom chis cor cher cparents
cat cthe cmoment cf cconception cVS. cA cgeneral cterm cfor call cthe cenvironmental
cinfluences cthat caffect cdevelopment cafter can cindividual cis cconceived.
• clifespan cperspective c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔An capproach cto cthe cstudy cof chuman
cdevelopment cthat ctakes cinto caccount call cphases cof clife, cnot cjust cchildhood cor
cadulthood
• cecological csystems c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔the cview cthat cin cthe cstudy cof chuman
cdevelopment, cthe cperson cshould cbe cconsidered cin call cthe ccontexts cand
cinteratctions cthat cconstitute ca clife
• ccohort c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgroup cdefined cby cthe cshared cage cof cits cmembers
cwho cbecause cthey cwere cborn cat cabout cthe csame ctime cmove cthough clife ctogether,
cexperiencing cthe csame chistorical cevents cand ccultural cshifts.
• cepigenetic c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Referring cto cthe cthe ceffects cof cenvironmental
cfaces con cthe cexpression cof can cindividuals cor cspecies cgenetic cinheritance.
• csocioeconomic cstatus c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cpersons cpositions cin csociety cas
cdetermined cby cincome, cwealth, coccupation, ceducation, cand cplace cof cresidence.
• cscientific cmethod c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cway cto canswer cquestions cthat crequires
cempirical cresearch cand cdata-based cconclusions.
• cexperiment c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cresearch cmethod cin cwhich cthe creserver ctriers
cto cdetermine cthe ccause cand ceffect crelationship cbetween ctwo cvariables cby
cmanipulating cone can cthen cobserving cand crecording cthe censuing cchanges cin cthe
cother.
,• cplasticity c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔genes cand calleles cthat cmake cpeoples cmore
csusceptible cto cenvironmental cinfluences cfor cbetter cor cworse. cThis cis ca cpart cof
cdifferential csusceptibility.
• cculture c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A csystem cof cshared cbeliefs, cnorms, cbehaviors, cand
cexpectations cthat cpersist cover ctime cand cprescribe csocial cbehavior cand
cassumptions.
What cis cthe cscience cof chuman cdevelopment cand cwhy cis cit cimportant? c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔seeks cto cunderstand chow cand cwhy cpeople, call ckinds cof cpeople
ceverywhere cof cevery cage, cchange cover ctime.
Describe cthe cfive ccharacteristics cof cthe clifespan cperspective. c- cCORRECT
cANS✔✔Multidirectional: cmany cchanges cin cevery cdirection, ctraits cappear cand
cdisappear cand cincrease cand cdecrees cover ctime. c
Multi-contextual: cPhysical, cfamily, ccommunity, cand cso con, ceach ccontact caffecting
ceveryone. cHistorical ccontext, csocioeconomic ccontext. c
cMulticultural: cEach cfamily cor ccommunity chas ctheir cown cculture. c
cMultidisciplinary: cHuman cdevelopment crequires cinsight cand cinformation cfrom
cscientists, cpast cand cpresent, cfrom cmany cmultiple cdisciplines.
Plastic: cHuman ctraits ccan cbe cmolded, cand cyet cpeople cmaintain ca ccertain cdurability
cof cidentity. cProvides cboth chope cand crealism.
3. cWhat cis cthe cnature cversus cnurture cdebate cand cwhat cdoes ccurrent cresearch ctell
cus cabout cits cresolution? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cdebate cstems cfrom cthe
cquestion chow cmuch cis cfrom cgenetics cand chow cmuch cis cfrom cthe cenvironment.
cBoth cgenes cand cthe cenvironment chave ca cplay; cso cthe creal canswer clies cin c"how
cmuch" cnot c"which".
• cguided cparticipation c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cprocess cby cwhich cpeople clearn
crom cothers cwho cquite ctheir cexperiences cand cexplorations.
• cconditioning c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔According cto cbehaviorism, cthe cprocess cby
cwhich cresponses cbecome clinked cto ca cparticular cstimuli cand clearning ctakes cplace,
cThe cword cconditioning cis cused cto cemphasize cthe cimportance cof crepeated cpractice.
• ceclectic cperspective c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cperspective ctaken cby cmost
cdevelopmentalists, cin cwhich cthey capply caspects cof ceach cof cthe cvarious ctheories cof
cdevelopment crather cthan cthe cadhering cexclusively cto cone ctheory.
• cmodeling c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The ccentral cprocess cof csocial clearning cby cwhich
ca cperson cobserves cthe cactions cof cothers cand cthen ccopies cthem.
, • creinforcement c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The cprocess cby cwhich cbehavior cis cfollowed
cbut csomething cdesired, csuch cas cfood cfor ca chungry canimal.
• cassimilation c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The creinterpretation cof cnew cexperiences cto cfit
cinto cold cideas.
• caccommodation c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔The creconstructing cof cold cideas cto cinclude
cnew cexperiences.
• cequilibrium c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔a cstate cin cwhich copposing cforces cor cinfluences
care cbalanced.
• cMaslow's chierarchy cof cneeds c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔1. cPhysiological: cbasic
csurvival; cfood, cwater, cshelter
2. cSafe cand csecure: cBeing cprotected cand cdefended c
3. cLove cand cbelonging: cBeing cloved cand cappreciated cin call caspects cof clife
4. cEsteem: cBeing crespected, csuccessful cand cadmired
5. cSelf-actualization: cBecoming ca cunique cand cwonderful cself
What cdo ctheories cdo? c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔Explains cFacts cand cobservations, cof ca
cset cof cconcepts cand cideas cthat corganize cthe cconfusing cmass cof cexperiences cthat
ceach cof cus cencounters cevery cminute.
o cBehaviorism c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgrand ctheory cof chuman cdevelopment cthat
cstudies cobservable cbehavior. cAlso, ccalled cLearning ctheory, cit cdescribes cthe claws
cand cprocesses cby cwhich cbehavior cis clearned.
o cCognitive ctheory c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgrand ctheory cof chuman cdevelopment
cthat cfocuses con cchanges cin chow cpeople cthink cover ctime. cAccording cto cthis ctheory
cour cthoughts cshape cour cattitudes, cbeliefs cand cbehaviors.
o cInformation-processing ctheory c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cperspective cthat ccompares
chuman cthinking cprocesses cby canalogy, cto ccomputer canalysis cof cdata, cincluding
csensory cinput cconnections, cstored cmemories cand coutput.
o cPsychoanalytic ctheory c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔A cgrand ctheory cof chuman
cdevelopment cthat cholds cthat cirrational, cunconscious cdrives cand cmotives, coften
coriginating cin cchildhood, cunderlie chuman cbehavior.
o cSocial clearning ctheory c- cCORRECT cANS✔✔An cextension cof cbehaviorism cthat
cemphasizes cthe cinfluences cthat cother cpeople chave cover ca cpersons cbehavior.
