1. What is the primary purpose of the immune system?
a) To regulate body temperature
b) To protect the body from pathogens
c) To produce hormones
d) To digest food
Answer: b) To protect the body from pathogens
Rationale: The immune system's primary function is to identify and
defend the body against harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and
other foreign invaders.
2. Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?
a) Spleen
b) Thymus
c) Lymph nodes
d) Bone marrow
Answer: b) Thymus
Rationale: The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ where T cells
mature. The bone marrow is also a primary lymphoid organ but not
listed here as the correct answer.
3. Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies?
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) Macrophages
d) Dendritic cells
Answer: b) B cells
Rationale: B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which are
proteins that bind to and neutralize pathogens.
,4. What is the role of macrophages in the immune system?
a) To produce antibodies
b) To recognize and destroy pathogens
c) To coordinate immune responses
d) To store immune cells
Answer: b) To recognize and destroy pathogens
Rationale: Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest
pathogens, debris, and dead cells.
5. Which type of immunity is provided by vaccination?
a) Innate immunity
b) Active acquired immunity
c) Passive acquired immunity
d) Natural immunity
Answer: b) Active acquired immunity
Rationale: Vaccination stimulates the immune system to produce a
memory response against specific pathogens, providing long-term
protection.
6. What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
a) T cells
b) Antibodies
c) Physical and chemical barriers
d) Phagocytes
Answer: c) Physical and chemical barriers
Rationale: The first line of defense includes physical and chemical
barriers like the skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid that
prevent pathogens from entering the body.
, 7. Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive
immunity?
a) It is nonspecific
b) It does not involve memory
c) It is slow to respond upon first exposure
d) It is present at birth
Answer: c) It is slow to respond upon first exposure
Rationale: Adaptive immunity is specific to pathogens and has a
delayed response upon first exposure, but it improves with subsequent
exposures due to memory.
8. What type of cells are responsible for the rejection of
transplanted tissues?
a) B cells
b) Helper T cells
c) Cytotoxic T cells
d) Macrophages
Answer: c) Cytotoxic T cells
Rationale: Cytotoxic T cells recognize and destroy cells that are
foreign to the body, including transplanted tissues, leading to rejection.
9. Which of the following molecules is responsible for the allergic
response?
a) IgG
b) IgE
c) IgA
d) IgM
Answer: b) IgE
Rationale: IgE is the antibody involved in allergic reactions,
triggering the release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells.
a) To regulate body temperature
b) To protect the body from pathogens
c) To produce hormones
d) To digest food
Answer: b) To protect the body from pathogens
Rationale: The immune system's primary function is to identify and
defend the body against harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and
other foreign invaders.
2. Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ?
a) Spleen
b) Thymus
c) Lymph nodes
d) Bone marrow
Answer: b) Thymus
Rationale: The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ where T cells
mature. The bone marrow is also a primary lymphoid organ but not
listed here as the correct answer.
3. Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies?
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) Macrophages
d) Dendritic cells
Answer: b) B cells
Rationale: B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which are
proteins that bind to and neutralize pathogens.
,4. What is the role of macrophages in the immune system?
a) To produce antibodies
b) To recognize and destroy pathogens
c) To coordinate immune responses
d) To store immune cells
Answer: b) To recognize and destroy pathogens
Rationale: Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest
pathogens, debris, and dead cells.
5. Which type of immunity is provided by vaccination?
a) Innate immunity
b) Active acquired immunity
c) Passive acquired immunity
d) Natural immunity
Answer: b) Active acquired immunity
Rationale: Vaccination stimulates the immune system to produce a
memory response against specific pathogens, providing long-term
protection.
6. What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
a) T cells
b) Antibodies
c) Physical and chemical barriers
d) Phagocytes
Answer: c) Physical and chemical barriers
Rationale: The first line of defense includes physical and chemical
barriers like the skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid that
prevent pathogens from entering the body.
, 7. Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive
immunity?
a) It is nonspecific
b) It does not involve memory
c) It is slow to respond upon first exposure
d) It is present at birth
Answer: c) It is slow to respond upon first exposure
Rationale: Adaptive immunity is specific to pathogens and has a
delayed response upon first exposure, but it improves with subsequent
exposures due to memory.
8. What type of cells are responsible for the rejection of
transplanted tissues?
a) B cells
b) Helper T cells
c) Cytotoxic T cells
d) Macrophages
Answer: c) Cytotoxic T cells
Rationale: Cytotoxic T cells recognize and destroy cells that are
foreign to the body, including transplanted tissues, leading to rejection.
9. Which of the following molecules is responsible for the allergic
response?
a) IgG
b) IgE
c) IgA
d) IgM
Answer: b) IgE
Rationale: IgE is the antibody involved in allergic reactions,
triggering the release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells.
