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Pollard: Cell Biology, 3rd Edition
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Test Bank
q
Chapter 2: Evolution of life on Earth
q q q q q q
1. Whatqisqtheqbestqestimateqofqtheqnumberqofqgenesqinqtheqfirstqcell,qthequniversalqc
ommonqancestor?
a. 6
b. 60
c. 600
d. 6000
Ans:qC
Aboutq600qgenesqisqtheqminimumqtoqcarryqoutqtheqbiochemistryqthatqweqwouldqtodayqcou
ntqasqbeingqaqviableqself-renewingqcell.
2. Otherqthanqcarryingqgeneticqinformation,qwhatqotherqpropertyqdoesqRNAqhaveqthatq
makesqitqlikelyqtoqhaveqbeenqtheq“spark”qthatqkindledqlife?
a. Itqmayqhaveqcatalyticqactivity.
b. Itqisqveryqstableqinqwater.
c. Itqcanqformqmembranesqinqwater.
d. Itqcontainsqallqtheqessentialqelementsqforqlife.
Ans:qA
TheqcatalyticqactivityqofqsomeqRNAsqallowsqitqtoqself-replicate,qself-
cleave,qandqcatalyseqformationqofqpeptideqbonds.qOtherqcatalyticqactivitiesqmayqhaveqcon
tributedqtoqtheqessenceqofqearlyqlife.
3. WhichqotherqmaterialqlikelyqworkedqwithqRNAqinqtheqprebioticqworld?
a. Silica
b. Biotiteqmica
c. Calciumqcarbonate
d. Montmorilloniteqclay
Ans:qD
InteractionqwithqclayqallowsqRNAqtoqfullyqunfoldqsoqthatqitqcanqactqasqaqtemplateqforqrepli
cation.
4. Whatqisqtheqnameqgivenqtoqgenesqthatqoccurqinqtheqsameqcellqthatqhaveqresultedqfromqd
uplicationqandqmutation?
a. Homologs
b. Paralogs
c. Captinslogs
d. Orthologs
Ans:qB
q
Pollardqetqal.,qCellqBiology,q3e,q2017.q ©Elsevier,qInc.
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Paralogousqgenesqareqseparatedqbyqaqgeneqduplicationqevent.qOrthologousqgenesqareqsepa
ratedqbyqaqspeciationqevent.
5. Genesqareqnormallyqinheritedqfromqaqparentqcell.qWhatqisqtheqprocessqbyqwhichqaqcellq
mayqobtainqaqgeneqfromqanqunrelatedqorganism?
a. Verticalqtransgression
b. Verticalqtake-up
c. Horizontalqtransgression
d. Lateralqtransfer
Ans:qD
Thisqisqalsoqknownqasqhorizontalqgeneqtransferqandqisqconsideredqtoqbeqanqimportantqpartq
inqevolutionqthatqisqstillqoccurringqtoday.
6. TheqsimpleqbacteriaqMycoplasmaqgenitaliumqhasqlostqmanyqgenes.qHowqisqthisqcellqa
bleqtoqgrowqinqaqreducedqstate?
a. Itqisqaqpathogenqthatqobtainsqmanyqnutrientsqfromqtheqhostqandqsoqcanqfunctionqwithqr
educedqsyntheticqability.
b. Itqgrowsqextremelyqslowlyqandqdoesqnotqneedqenzymaticqcatalysis.
c. Itqgrowqinqhotqspringsqwhereqtheqheatqsubstitutesqforqmanyqenzymes.
d. Itqisqnotqknownqhowqthisqorganismqgrowsqinqthisqstate.
Ans:qA
Theqanimalqhostqprovidesqmanyqofqtheqnutrientsqthatqitqcanqnoqlongerqmakeqforqitself.
7. WhichqofqtheqfollowingqstatementsqconcerningqBacteriaqandqArchaeaqisqFALSE?
a. SomeqBacteriaqandqArchaeaqareqhumanqpathogens.
b. BacteriaqandqArchaeaqareqsimilarqinqstructure.
c. BacteriaqandqArchaeaqareqprokaryotes.
d. BacteriaqandqArchaeaqcanquseqenergyqsourcesqsuchqasqhydrogen,qsulfate,qorq
methane.
Ans:qA
Remarkably,qnoqArchaeaqhasqyetqbeenqfoundqtoqcauseqpathologyqinqhumans.
8. Itqisqwidelyqacceptedqthatqtheqeukaryoticqmitochondrionqisqactuallyqaqveryqmuchqalteredqb
acterium,qbutqwhichqsortqofqbacteriumqwasqitsqancestor?
a. AqrelativeqofqE.qcoli
b. Anqα-proteobacterium
c. Anqunknownqgram-negativeqbacterium
d. Aqcyanobacterium
Ans:qB
Phylogeneticqanalysisqrevealsqthatqtheqbacteriumqwasqanqα-
proteobacteriumqrelatedqtoqtheqRickettsiaqbacterium,qwhichqcausesqtyphusqinqhumans.
9. Whenqdidqtheqlastqeukaryoticqcommonqancestorq(LECA)qexist?
Pollardqetqal.,qCellqBiology,q3e,q2017.q ©Elsevier,qInc.
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a. 2.1qtoq0.9qbillionqyearsqago
b. 21qtoq9qbillionqyearsqago
c. 210qtoq900qmillionqyearsqago
d. 21qtoq9qmillionqyearsqago
Ans:qA
AllqtracesqofqtheqLECAqwereqpresumablyqobliteratedqbyqtheirqmoreqsuccessfulqoffspring.
10. Spongesq(porifera)qmayqbeqtheqearliestqmulticellularqanimals;qwhichqgroupqofqextantq
protozoansqdoqtheyqmostqcloselyqresemble?
a. Amoebae
b. Choanoflagellates
c. Euglenoids
d. Excavata
Ans:qB
Someqspeciesqofqchoanoflagellatesqformqsimpleqcoloniesqconsistentqwithqtheirqbeingqance
storsqofqtheqsponges,qanqideaqfirstqproposedqbyqDujardinqinq1841.
Pollardqetqal.,qCellqBiology,q3e,q2017.q ©Elsevier,qInc.
mynursytest.store
q q q q q q q q q
Pollard: Cell Biology, 3rd Edition
q q q q
Test Bank
q
Chapter 2: Evolution of life on Earth
q q q q q q
1. Whatqisqtheqbestqestimateqofqtheqnumberqofqgenesqinqtheqfirstqcell,qthequniversalqc
ommonqancestor?
a. 6
b. 60
c. 600
d. 6000
Ans:qC
Aboutq600qgenesqisqtheqminimumqtoqcarryqoutqtheqbiochemistryqthatqweqwouldqtodayqcou
ntqasqbeingqaqviableqself-renewingqcell.
2. Otherqthanqcarryingqgeneticqinformation,qwhatqotherqpropertyqdoesqRNAqhaveqthatq
makesqitqlikelyqtoqhaveqbeenqtheq“spark”qthatqkindledqlife?
a. Itqmayqhaveqcatalyticqactivity.
b. Itqisqveryqstableqinqwater.
c. Itqcanqformqmembranesqinqwater.
d. Itqcontainsqallqtheqessentialqelementsqforqlife.
Ans:qA
TheqcatalyticqactivityqofqsomeqRNAsqallowsqitqtoqself-replicate,qself-
cleave,qandqcatalyseqformationqofqpeptideqbonds.qOtherqcatalyticqactivitiesqmayqhaveqcon
tributedqtoqtheqessenceqofqearlyqlife.
3. WhichqotherqmaterialqlikelyqworkedqwithqRNAqinqtheqprebioticqworld?
a. Silica
b. Biotiteqmica
c. Calciumqcarbonate
d. Montmorilloniteqclay
Ans:qD
InteractionqwithqclayqallowsqRNAqtoqfullyqunfoldqsoqthatqitqcanqactqasqaqtemplateqforqrepli
cation.
4. Whatqisqtheqnameqgivenqtoqgenesqthatqoccurqinqtheqsameqcellqthatqhaveqresultedqfromqd
uplicationqandqmutation?
a. Homologs
b. Paralogs
c. Captinslogs
d. Orthologs
Ans:qB
q
Pollardqetqal.,qCellqBiology,q3e,q2017.q ©Elsevier,qInc.
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,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Cell Biology 3rd Edition Pollard
q q q q q q q q q
Paralogousqgenesqareqseparatedqbyqaqgeneqduplicationqevent.qOrthologousqgenesqareqsepa
ratedqbyqaqspeciationqevent.
5. Genesqareqnormallyqinheritedqfromqaqparentqcell.qWhatqisqtheqprocessqbyqwhichqaqcellq
mayqobtainqaqgeneqfromqanqunrelatedqorganism?
a. Verticalqtransgression
b. Verticalqtake-up
c. Horizontalqtransgression
d. Lateralqtransfer
Ans:qD
Thisqisqalsoqknownqasqhorizontalqgeneqtransferqandqisqconsideredqtoqbeqanqimportantqpartq
inqevolutionqthatqisqstillqoccurringqtoday.
6. TheqsimpleqbacteriaqMycoplasmaqgenitaliumqhasqlostqmanyqgenes.qHowqisqthisqcellqa
bleqtoqgrowqinqaqreducedqstate?
a. Itqisqaqpathogenqthatqobtainsqmanyqnutrientsqfromqtheqhostqandqsoqcanqfunctionqwithqr
educedqsyntheticqability.
b. Itqgrowsqextremelyqslowlyqandqdoesqnotqneedqenzymaticqcatalysis.
c. Itqgrowqinqhotqspringsqwhereqtheqheatqsubstitutesqforqmanyqenzymes.
d. Itqisqnotqknownqhowqthisqorganismqgrowsqinqthisqstate.
Ans:qA
Theqanimalqhostqprovidesqmanyqofqtheqnutrientsqthatqitqcanqnoqlongerqmakeqforqitself.
7. WhichqofqtheqfollowingqstatementsqconcerningqBacteriaqandqArchaeaqisqFALSE?
a. SomeqBacteriaqandqArchaeaqareqhumanqpathogens.
b. BacteriaqandqArchaeaqareqsimilarqinqstructure.
c. BacteriaqandqArchaeaqareqprokaryotes.
d. BacteriaqandqArchaeaqcanquseqenergyqsourcesqsuchqasqhydrogen,qsulfate,qorq
methane.
Ans:qA
Remarkably,qnoqArchaeaqhasqyetqbeenqfoundqtoqcauseqpathologyqinqhumans.
8. Itqisqwidelyqacceptedqthatqtheqeukaryoticqmitochondrionqisqactuallyqaqveryqmuchqalteredqb
acterium,qbutqwhichqsortqofqbacteriumqwasqitsqancestor?
a. AqrelativeqofqE.qcoli
b. Anqα-proteobacterium
c. Anqunknownqgram-negativeqbacterium
d. Aqcyanobacterium
Ans:qB
Phylogeneticqanalysisqrevealsqthatqtheqbacteriumqwasqanqα-
proteobacteriumqrelatedqtoqtheqRickettsiaqbacterium,qwhichqcausesqtyphusqinqhumans.
9. Whenqdidqtheqlastqeukaryoticqcommonqancestorq(LECA)qexist?
Pollardqetqal.,qCellqBiology,q3e,q2017.q ©Elsevier,qInc.
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Cell Biology 3rd Edition Pollard
q q q q q q q q q
a. 2.1qtoq0.9qbillionqyearsqago
b. 21qtoq9qbillionqyearsqago
c. 210qtoq900qmillionqyearsqago
d. 21qtoq9qmillionqyearsqago
Ans:qA
AllqtracesqofqtheqLECAqwereqpresumablyqobliteratedqbyqtheirqmoreqsuccessfulqoffspring.
10. Spongesq(porifera)qmayqbeqtheqearliestqmulticellularqanimals;qwhichqgroupqofqextantq
protozoansqdoqtheyqmostqcloselyqresemble?
a. Amoebae
b. Choanoflagellates
c. Euglenoids
d. Excavata
Ans:qB
Someqspeciesqofqchoanoflagellatesqformqsimpleqcoloniesqconsistentqwithqtheirqbeingqance
storsqofqtheqsponges,qanqideaqfirstqproposedqbyqDujardinqinq1841.
Pollardqetqal.,qCellqBiology,q3e,q2017.q ©Elsevier,qInc.
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