Natural hazards can arise from three main processes: - ANSWER 1. Internal
forces within the Earth
Driven by the internal energy of the earth (Plate tectonics)
2. External forces on Earth's surface
Driven by the suns energy (atmospheric effects)
3. Gravitational attraction
Driven by the force of gravity (downslope movement)
Hazard - ANSWER A process that poses a potential threat to people or the
environment.
Risk - ANSWER The probability of an event occurring multiplied by the
impact on people or the environment.
Disaster - ANSWER A brief event that causes great property damage or loss of
life
Catastrophe - ANSWER A massive disaster
More likely to be catastrophic: - ANSWER Tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes,
hurricanes, floods
Less likely to be catastrophic: - ANSWER Landslides, avalanches, wildfires,
tornadoes
Magnitude-Frequency Concept - ANSWER There is an inverse relationship
between magnitude and frequency. (The impact of a hazard is a function of both
its magnitude [i.e. energy released] and frequency.)
Geologic cycle encompasses what cycles? - ANSWER -Tectonic cycle
-Rock cycle
,-Hydrolic cycle
Tectonic cycle - ANSWER Involves the creation, movement, and destruction
of tectonic plates. Driven by Earth's internal energy.
Tectonic plates - ANSWER 14, Large blocks of the Earths crust that from the
outer shell.
New land is formed at mid-ocean ridges and land is destroyed at subduction
zones.
Asthenosphere - ANSWER Upper mantle, Composed of hot magma with some
flow
Lithosphere - ANSWER Thin and brittle crust
Inner Core - ANSWER Extremely hot and solid
Oceanic Crust/ Plate - ANSWER Dense and thin (7km thick)
Continental Crust/ Plate - ANSWER Relatively buoyant (30 km thick)
Which plate would sub duct if both plates moved together? Why? - ANSWER
Oceanic plate would subduct because it is more dense.
Types of plate boundaries - ANSWER Divergent, Convergent and Transform
Divergent Plate Boundaries - ANSWER Plates move AWAY from each other,
new land is created at these locations. Seafloor's spread and causes oceanic
ridges to form.
Convergent Plate Boundaries - ANSWER Plates move TOWARD each other.
Collisions involving oceanic and continental crust result in _____________
zones: - ANSWER SUBDUCTION ZONES
Dense ocean plates sink and melt, the melted magma rises to form volcanoes
, Collisions involving two continental plates result in ___________ boundaries: -
ANSWER COLLISION BOUNDARIES
Neither plates sink, tall mountains form
Transform Boundaries - ANSWER Plates slide HORIZONTALLY past each
other. Zones called a transform vault
Transform Fault - ANSWER The zone along which a transform (sideways)
movement occurs. Ex: San Andreas Fault
Hot Spots - ANSWER Found away from plate boundaries, where magma rises
up resulting in the formation of volcanoes. Ex: Hawaiian Islands
The Rock Cycle - ANSWER Refers to a group of interrelated processes that
produce the three different rock types (Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic)
The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) - ANSWER The movement and
exchange of water among the land, atmosphere, and oceans by changes in state.
The residence time of a water molecule ranges from days (in the atmosphere) to
thousands of years.
Solar energy drives the movement of water among the atmosphere, oceans, and
continents.
Hazards can be Understood (Course Theme #1) - ANSWER Scientists observe
a hazardous event and form a possible explanation for the cause.
From this explanation, a hypothesis is formed.
Data is the collected to test the hypothesis
Knowing the cause allows for the identification of where hazards may occur.
Knowledge of past events aids in predicting future events.
The best solution to mitigate loss is _____________. - ANSWER Preparation
forces within the Earth
Driven by the internal energy of the earth (Plate tectonics)
2. External forces on Earth's surface
Driven by the suns energy (atmospheric effects)
3. Gravitational attraction
Driven by the force of gravity (downslope movement)
Hazard - ANSWER A process that poses a potential threat to people or the
environment.
Risk - ANSWER The probability of an event occurring multiplied by the
impact on people or the environment.
Disaster - ANSWER A brief event that causes great property damage or loss of
life
Catastrophe - ANSWER A massive disaster
More likely to be catastrophic: - ANSWER Tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes,
hurricanes, floods
Less likely to be catastrophic: - ANSWER Landslides, avalanches, wildfires,
tornadoes
Magnitude-Frequency Concept - ANSWER There is an inverse relationship
between magnitude and frequency. (The impact of a hazard is a function of both
its magnitude [i.e. energy released] and frequency.)
Geologic cycle encompasses what cycles? - ANSWER -Tectonic cycle
-Rock cycle
,-Hydrolic cycle
Tectonic cycle - ANSWER Involves the creation, movement, and destruction
of tectonic plates. Driven by Earth's internal energy.
Tectonic plates - ANSWER 14, Large blocks of the Earths crust that from the
outer shell.
New land is formed at mid-ocean ridges and land is destroyed at subduction
zones.
Asthenosphere - ANSWER Upper mantle, Composed of hot magma with some
flow
Lithosphere - ANSWER Thin and brittle crust
Inner Core - ANSWER Extremely hot and solid
Oceanic Crust/ Plate - ANSWER Dense and thin (7km thick)
Continental Crust/ Plate - ANSWER Relatively buoyant (30 km thick)
Which plate would sub duct if both plates moved together? Why? - ANSWER
Oceanic plate would subduct because it is more dense.
Types of plate boundaries - ANSWER Divergent, Convergent and Transform
Divergent Plate Boundaries - ANSWER Plates move AWAY from each other,
new land is created at these locations. Seafloor's spread and causes oceanic
ridges to form.
Convergent Plate Boundaries - ANSWER Plates move TOWARD each other.
Collisions involving oceanic and continental crust result in _____________
zones: - ANSWER SUBDUCTION ZONES
Dense ocean plates sink and melt, the melted magma rises to form volcanoes
, Collisions involving two continental plates result in ___________ boundaries: -
ANSWER COLLISION BOUNDARIES
Neither plates sink, tall mountains form
Transform Boundaries - ANSWER Plates slide HORIZONTALLY past each
other. Zones called a transform vault
Transform Fault - ANSWER The zone along which a transform (sideways)
movement occurs. Ex: San Andreas Fault
Hot Spots - ANSWER Found away from plate boundaries, where magma rises
up resulting in the formation of volcanoes. Ex: Hawaiian Islands
The Rock Cycle - ANSWER Refers to a group of interrelated processes that
produce the three different rock types (Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic)
The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) - ANSWER The movement and
exchange of water among the land, atmosphere, and oceans by changes in state.
The residence time of a water molecule ranges from days (in the atmosphere) to
thousands of years.
Solar energy drives the movement of water among the atmosphere, oceans, and
continents.
Hazards can be Understood (Course Theme #1) - ANSWER Scientists observe
a hazardous event and form a possible explanation for the cause.
From this explanation, a hypothesis is formed.
Data is the collected to test the hypothesis
Knowing the cause allows for the identification of where hazards may occur.
Knowledge of past events aids in predicting future events.
The best solution to mitigate loss is _____________. - ANSWER Preparation
