Chapter 01: Aging, Health, and Wellness in a Global Community
| | | | | | | | |
Touhy: Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10th Edition
| | | | | | | | |
MULTIPLE |CHOICE
1. When |asked |by |new |parents |what |the |life |expectancy |is |for |their |African |American |newborn,
|the |nurse |replies |that, |“2015 |statistics |indicate |that |your |son:
a. will |have |a |life |expectancy |of |approximately |65 |years.”
b. can |realistically |expect |to |live |into |his |late |80s.”
c. has |a |good |chance |of |celebrating |his |75th |birthday.”
d. is |likely |to |live |into |his |late |90s.”
ANS: | C
The |overall |life |expectancy |at |birth |in |the |United |States |in |2015 |was |78.8. |The |disparity
|between |life |expectancies |for |black |and |white |Americans |has |narrowed |significantly |between
|1999 |and |2015, |with |the |death |rate |for |blacks |(African |Americans) |dropping |by |25% |(Office
|of |Minority |Health, |2017). |Of |the |options |above, |C |is |the |only |response |that |fits |into |those
|parameters. |The |other |options |are |not |supported |by |reliable |research.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Understanding TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
2. A |nurse |is |planning |care |for |a |group |of |super-centenarians |in |an |assisted |living |facility. |The
|nurse |considers |which |of |the |following?
a. Most |super-centenarians |are |functionally |independent |or |require |minimal
|assistance |with |activities N UdRaiSlyIlNivGinTgB.
|of
b. The |majority |of |super-centenarians |have |cognitive |impairment.
c. The |number |of |super-centenarians |is |expected |to |decrease |in |coming |years |as |a
|result |of |heart |disease |and |stroke.
d. It |is |theorized |that |super-centenarians |survived |as |long |as |they |have |due |to |genetic
|mutations |that |made |them |less |susceptible |to |common |diseases.
ANS: | A
Research |supports |that |most |super-centenarians |are |functionally |and |cognitively |intact,
|requiring |minimal |assistance |with |ADLs. |The |number |of |super-centenarians |is |expected |to
|increase |in |coming |years |as |the |number |of |older |adults |increases. |Although |centenarians |still
|carry |genetic |markers |within |their |chromosomes |for |any |number |of |health |problems, |for |as |yet
|unknown |reasons, |these |are |not |“activated” |until |much |later, |if |at |all, |when |compared |with
|other |persons.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
3. One |reason |why |many |“baby |boomers” |have |multiple |chronic |conditions |such |as |heart
|disease, |diabetes, |and |arthritis |is |that:
a. they |have |less |access |to |medication |and |other |treatment |regimens.
b. there |was |a |lack |of |importance |placed |on |healthy |living |as |they |were |growing |up.
c. they |did |not |have |access |to |immunizations |against |communicable |disease |when
|they |were |children.
, d. they |grew |up |in |an |era |of |rampant |poverty |and |malnutrition.
ANS: | B
The |baby |boomers, |individuals |born |between |1946 |and |1964, |post-WWII, |have |better |access |to
|medication |and |treatment |regimens |than |other |cohorts. |They |have |had |the |benefit |of |the
|development |of |immunizations |against |communicable |diseases. |They |grew |up |in |an |era |of
|prosperity |post-WWII. |However, |there |was |a |lack |of |importance |placed |on |what |we |now
|consider |healthy |living |when |they |were | younger. |Smoking, |for |example, |was |not |condoned,
|but |was |considered |a |symbol |of |status. |Candy |in |the |shape |of |cigarettes |was |popular, |and |there
|was |much |secondhand |smoke.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
4. A |nurse |is |planning |an |education |program |on |wellness |in |a |local |senior |citizen |center. |The
|nurse |plans |to |provide |education |on |the |importance |of |immunizations, |annual |physical
|examinations, |screening |for |diabetes, |and |vision |and |hearing |screening. |It |is |important |for
|the |nurse |to |understand |which |of |the |following?
a. Less |than |50% |of |older |adults |(ages |65 |and |older) |utilize |available |preventive
|services.
b. Preventive |strategies |are |more |widely |used |in |the |50-64 |age-group |than |in |the |65
|and |over |age-group.
c. The |research |on |health |promotion |strategies |in |older |adults |demonstrates |that |they
|have |low |efficacy.
d. There |is |an |abundance |of |research |specific |to |health |promotion |and |aging.
ANS: | A
Less |than |50% |of |individuals, |ages |65 |and |older, |utilize |the |preventive |services |that |are
|available |to |them. |However, |only |25% |of |those |between |the |ages |of |50 |and |64 |do |so. |There |is |a
|paucity |of |research |specific |to |health |promotion |and |aging; |however, |the |research |that |exists
|demonstrates |that |health |promotion |strategies |are |highly |effective.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Understanding TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
5. A |nurse |is |caring |for |an |85-year-old |male |client |with |diabetes |in |a |community |setting. |The
|nurse |promotes |functional |wellness |by |which |of |the |following |activities?
a. Encouraging |the |client |to |maintain |current |levels |of |physical |activity
b. Assisting |the |client |to |receive |all |the |recommended |preventive |screenings |that |are
|appropriate |for |his |age-group
c. Teaching |the |patient |how |to |use |a |rolling |walker |so |that |he |can |ambulate |for |longer
|distances
d. Encouraging |the |client |to |attend |his |weekly |chess |games
ANS: | A
|
, Maintaining |existing |levels |of |physical |activity |is |consistent |with |functional |wellness.
|Teaching |the |client |how |to |use |a |rolling |walker |enables |the |client |to |remain |active |at |the
|highest |level |possible, |which |is |an |example |of |promoting |functional |wellness. |Receiving
|recommended |screening |is |an |example |of |promoting |biological |wellness. |The |use |of |a
|rolling |walker |should |be |based |on |assessment |of |physical |ability. |Encouraging |the |client |to
|attend |weekly |chess |games |is |an |example |of |promoting |social |wellness.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Applying TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
6. Based |on |the |census |reports |of |2015, |the |typical |profile |of |a |centenarian |includes |which |of
|the |following |characteristics?
a. An |American |woman |with |no |signs |of |dementia
b. A |Japanese |woman |with |chronic |inflammation
c. A |Chinese |man |with |an |immune |disorder
d. An |American |man |who |is |a |lifelong |vegetarian
ANS: | A
Based |on |the |2015 |U.S. |Census |data, |while |the |United |States |has |highest |number |of
|centenarians, |Japan |has |over |double |the |number |relative |to |the |population |as |a |whole. |The
|relatively |low |number |of |centenarians |(and |super-centenarians) |with |dementia |of |some |kind
|may |be |explained |by |the |presence |of |some |type |of |genetic |neuroprotective |factors. |While
|most |people |have |normal |age-related |declines |in |immune |functioning |and |increases |in |a |state
|of |chronic |inflammation, |this |does |not |appear |to |be |the |case |for |this |group |of |long |lived |people.
DIF: Cognitive | Level: | Ap pNl yUi nRgSINGTB T.O C PO: M |Integrated | Process: | Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
MULTIPLE |RESPONSE
1. Primary |prevention |strategies |for |older |adults |include |which |of |the |following? |(Select |all
|that |apply.)
a. An |annual |influenza |immunization |clinic
b. A |smoking |cessation |program
c. A |prostate |screening |program
d. A |cardiac |rehabilitation |program
e. A |meal |planning |education |program |for |type |2 |diabetics
ANS: | A, |B
Primary |prevention |refers |to |strategies |that |are |used |to |prevent |an |illness |before |it |occurs |and
|maintaining |wellness |across |the |continuum |of |care. |Immunizations |and |smoking |cessation |are
|examples |of |primary |prevention. |Secondary |prevention |is |the |early |detection |of |a |disease |or |a
|health |problem |that |has |already |developed. |Prostate |screening |is |an |example |of |secondary
|prevention. |Tertiary |prevention |addresses |the |needs |of |individuals |who |already |have |their
|wellness |challenged. |Cardiac |rehabilitation |and |meal |planning |for |diabetics |are |examples |of
|tertiary |prevention.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Applying TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
, MSC: | Client |Needs: |Management |of |Care
2. A |nurse |organizes |a |symposium |for |health |care |professionals |in |the |field |of |geriatrics. |Which
|of |the |following |topics |align |with |Healthy |People |2020s |emerging |issues |relevant |to |healthy
|aging? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. Fair |pay |and |compensation |standards |for |informal |caregivers
b. Longevity |and |genetics
c. Emerging |chronic |conditions |among |baby |boomers
d. Minimum |competency |levels |for |health |care |professionals
e. Health |disparities |in |LGBT |older |adults
ANS: | A, |C, |D, |E
Issues |outlined |in |Healthy |People |2020: |Emerging |issues |in |the |health |of |older |adults |include
|person-centered |care |planning |that |includes |caregivers; |quality |measures |of |care |and
|monitoring |of |health |conditions; |fair |pay |and |compensation |standards |for |formal |and |informal
|caregivers; |minimum |levels |of |geriatric |training |for |health |professionals; |and |enhanced |data
|on |certain |subpopulations |of |older |adults, |including |aging |LGBT |populations. |Longevity |and
|genetics |is |an |important |subject |to |study |but |is |not |listed |as |an |emerging |issue |to |focus |on |for
|Healthy |People |2020.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Analyzing TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
3. Baby |boomers |born |before |1960 |were |subject |to |which |of |the |following |health |challenges
|during |their |childhood? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. Measles
b. Scarlet |fever
c. Rubella
d. Smallpox
e. HIV/AIDS
ANS: | A, |B, |C
Most |boomers |born |in |1950s |contracted |at |least |several |of |the |“childhood |diseases” |of
|measles, |mumps, |rubella, |and |chicken |pox. |Scarlet |fever |was |also |common. |Smallpox |was |a
|concern |for |the |centenarians, |not |this |generation. |HIV/AIDS |had |not |been |identified |in |the
|early | years |of |1915-1945.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
4. A |nursing |student |is |preparing |a |presentation |on |the |wellness-based |model |for |healthy |aging.
|Which |of |the |following |concepts |should |the |student |include |in |the |presentation? |(Select |all
|that |apply.)
a. Healthy |aging |is |defined |by |the |absence |of |physical |illness |alone.
b. Healthy |aging |is |individually |defined |and |can |change |over |time.
c. There |are |many |strategies |to |promote |healthy |aging |that |are |believed |to |be |helpful
|but |do |not |have |empirical |evidence |to |support |them.
d. Healthy |aging |cannot |be |achieved |by |only |focusing |on |later |life. |It |is |a |lifelong
|process.
e. According |to |this |model, |an |individual |with |a |chronic |disease |would |not |be
| | | | | | | | |
Touhy: Ebersole & Hess’ Toward Healthy Aging, 10th Edition
| | | | | | | | |
MULTIPLE |CHOICE
1. When |asked |by |new |parents |what |the |life |expectancy |is |for |their |African |American |newborn,
|the |nurse |replies |that, |“2015 |statistics |indicate |that |your |son:
a. will |have |a |life |expectancy |of |approximately |65 |years.”
b. can |realistically |expect |to |live |into |his |late |80s.”
c. has |a |good |chance |of |celebrating |his |75th |birthday.”
d. is |likely |to |live |into |his |late |90s.”
ANS: | C
The |overall |life |expectancy |at |birth |in |the |United |States |in |2015 |was |78.8. |The |disparity
|between |life |expectancies |for |black |and |white |Americans |has |narrowed |significantly |between
|1999 |and |2015, |with |the |death |rate |for |blacks |(African |Americans) |dropping |by |25% |(Office
|of |Minority |Health, |2017). |Of |the |options |above, |C |is |the |only |response |that |fits |into |those
|parameters. |The |other |options |are |not |supported |by |reliable |research.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Understanding TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
2. A |nurse |is |planning |care |for |a |group |of |super-centenarians |in |an |assisted |living |facility. |The
|nurse |considers |which |of |the |following?
a. Most |super-centenarians |are |functionally |independent |or |require |minimal
|assistance |with |activities N UdRaiSlyIlNivGinTgB.
|of
b. The |majority |of |super-centenarians |have |cognitive |impairment.
c. The |number |of |super-centenarians |is |expected |to |decrease |in |coming |years |as |a
|result |of |heart |disease |and |stroke.
d. It |is |theorized |that |super-centenarians |survived |as |long |as |they |have |due |to |genetic
|mutations |that |made |them |less |susceptible |to |common |diseases.
ANS: | A
Research |supports |that |most |super-centenarians |are |functionally |and |cognitively |intact,
|requiring |minimal |assistance |with |ADLs. |The |number |of |super-centenarians |is |expected |to
|increase |in |coming |years |as |the |number |of |older |adults |increases. |Although |centenarians |still
|carry |genetic |markers |within |their |chromosomes |for |any |number |of |health |problems, |for |as |yet
|unknown |reasons, |these |are |not |“activated” |until |much |later, |if |at |all, |when |compared |with
|other |persons.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
3. One |reason |why |many |“baby |boomers” |have |multiple |chronic |conditions |such |as |heart
|disease, |diabetes, |and |arthritis |is |that:
a. they |have |less |access |to |medication |and |other |treatment |regimens.
b. there |was |a |lack |of |importance |placed |on |healthy |living |as |they |were |growing |up.
c. they |did |not |have |access |to |immunizations |against |communicable |disease |when
|they |were |children.
, d. they |grew |up |in |an |era |of |rampant |poverty |and |malnutrition.
ANS: | B
The |baby |boomers, |individuals |born |between |1946 |and |1964, |post-WWII, |have |better |access |to
|medication |and |treatment |regimens |than |other |cohorts. |They |have |had |the |benefit |of |the
|development |of |immunizations |against |communicable |diseases. |They |grew |up |in |an |era |of
|prosperity |post-WWII. |However, |there |was |a |lack |of |importance |placed |on |what |we |now
|consider |healthy |living |when |they |were | younger. |Smoking, |for |example, |was |not |condoned,
|but |was |considered |a |symbol |of |status. |Candy |in |the |shape |of |cigarettes |was |popular, |and |there
|was |much |secondhand |smoke.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
4. A |nurse |is |planning |an |education |program |on |wellness |in |a |local |senior |citizen |center. |The
|nurse |plans |to |provide |education |on |the |importance |of |immunizations, |annual |physical
|examinations, |screening |for |diabetes, |and |vision |and |hearing |screening. |It |is |important |for
|the |nurse |to |understand |which |of |the |following?
a. Less |than |50% |of |older |adults |(ages |65 |and |older) |utilize |available |preventive
|services.
b. Preventive |strategies |are |more |widely |used |in |the |50-64 |age-group |than |in |the |65
|and |over |age-group.
c. The |research |on |health |promotion |strategies |in |older |adults |demonstrates |that |they
|have |low |efficacy.
d. There |is |an |abundance |of |research |specific |to |health |promotion |and |aging.
ANS: | A
Less |than |50% |of |individuals, |ages |65 |and |older, |utilize |the |preventive |services |that |are
|available |to |them. |However, |only |25% |of |those |between |the |ages |of |50 |and |64 |do |so. |There |is |a
|paucity |of |research |specific |to |health |promotion |and |aging; |however, |the |research |that |exists
|demonstrates |that |health |promotion |strategies |are |highly |effective.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Understanding TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
5. A |nurse |is |caring |for |an |85-year-old |male |client |with |diabetes |in |a |community |setting. |The
|nurse |promotes |functional |wellness |by |which |of |the |following |activities?
a. Encouraging |the |client |to |maintain |current |levels |of |physical |activity
b. Assisting |the |client |to |receive |all |the |recommended |preventive |screenings |that |are
|appropriate |for |his |age-group
c. Teaching |the |patient |how |to |use |a |rolling |walker |so |that |he |can |ambulate |for |longer
|distances
d. Encouraging |the |client |to |attend |his |weekly |chess |games
ANS: | A
|
, Maintaining |existing |levels |of |physical |activity |is |consistent |with |functional |wellness.
|Teaching |the |client |how |to |use |a |rolling |walker |enables |the |client |to |remain |active |at |the
|highest |level |possible, |which |is |an |example |of |promoting |functional |wellness. |Receiving
|recommended |screening |is |an |example |of |promoting |biological |wellness. |The |use |of |a
|rolling |walker |should |be |based |on |assessment |of |physical |ability. |Encouraging |the |client |to
|attend |weekly |chess |games |is |an |example |of |promoting |social |wellness.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Applying TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
6. Based |on |the |census |reports |of |2015, |the |typical |profile |of |a |centenarian |includes |which |of
|the |following |characteristics?
a. An |American |woman |with |no |signs |of |dementia
b. A |Japanese |woman |with |chronic |inflammation
c. A |Chinese |man |with |an |immune |disorder
d. An |American |man |who |is |a |lifelong |vegetarian
ANS: | A
Based |on |the |2015 |U.S. |Census |data, |while |the |United |States |has |highest |number |of
|centenarians, |Japan |has |over |double |the |number |relative |to |the |population |as |a |whole. |The
|relatively |low |number |of |centenarians |(and |super-centenarians) |with |dementia |of |some |kind
|may |be |explained |by |the |presence |of |some |type |of |genetic |neuroprotective |factors. |While
|most |people |have |normal |age-related |declines |in |immune |functioning |and |increases |in |a |state
|of |chronic |inflammation, |this |does |not |appear |to |be |the |case |for |this |group |of |long |lived |people.
DIF: Cognitive | Level: | Ap pNl yUi nRgSINGTB T.O C PO: M |Integrated | Process: | Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
MULTIPLE |RESPONSE
1. Primary |prevention |strategies |for |older |adults |include |which |of |the |following? |(Select |all
|that |apply.)
a. An |annual |influenza |immunization |clinic
b. A |smoking |cessation |program
c. A |prostate |screening |program
d. A |cardiac |rehabilitation |program
e. A |meal |planning |education |program |for |type |2 |diabetics
ANS: | A, |B
Primary |prevention |refers |to |strategies |that |are |used |to |prevent |an |illness |before |it |occurs |and
|maintaining |wellness |across |the |continuum |of |care. |Immunizations |and |smoking |cessation |are
|examples |of |primary |prevention. |Secondary |prevention |is |the |early |detection |of |a |disease |or |a
|health |problem |that |has |already |developed. |Prostate |screening |is |an |example |of |secondary
|prevention. |Tertiary |prevention |addresses |the |needs |of |individuals |who |already |have |their
|wellness |challenged. |Cardiac |rehabilitation |and |meal |planning |for |diabetics |are |examples |of
|tertiary |prevention.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Applying TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
, MSC: | Client |Needs: |Management |of |Care
2. A |nurse |organizes |a |symposium |for |health |care |professionals |in |the |field |of |geriatrics. |Which
|of |the |following |topics |align |with |Healthy |People |2020s |emerging |issues |relevant |to |healthy
|aging? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. Fair |pay |and |compensation |standards |for |informal |caregivers
b. Longevity |and |genetics
c. Emerging |chronic |conditions |among |baby |boomers
d. Minimum |competency |levels |for |health |care |professionals
e. Health |disparities |in |LGBT |older |adults
ANS: | A, |C, |D, |E
Issues |outlined |in |Healthy |People |2020: |Emerging |issues |in |the |health |of |older |adults |include
|person-centered |care |planning |that |includes |caregivers; |quality |measures |of |care |and
|monitoring |of |health |conditions; |fair |pay |and |compensation |standards |for |formal |and |informal
|caregivers; |minimum |levels |of |geriatric |training |for |health |professionals; |and |enhanced |data
|on |certain |subpopulations |of |older |adults, |including |aging |LGBT |populations. |Longevity |and
|genetics |is |an |important |subject |to |study |but |is |not |listed |as |an |emerging |issue |to |focus |on |for
|Healthy |People |2020.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Analyzing TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
3. Baby |boomers |born |before |1960 |were |subject |to |which |of |the |following |health |challenges
|during |their |childhood? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
a. Measles
b. Scarlet |fever
c. Rubella
d. Smallpox
e. HIV/AIDS
ANS: | A, |B, |C
Most |boomers |born |in |1950s |contracted |at |least |several |of |the |“childhood |diseases” |of
|measles, |mumps, |rubella, |and |chicken |pox. |Scarlet |fever |was |also |common. |Smallpox |was |a
|concern |for |the |centenarians, |not |this |generation. |HIV/AIDS |had |not |been |identified |in |the
|early | years |of |1915-1945.
DIF: Cognitive |Level: |Remembering TOP: Integrated |Process: |Teaching/Learning
|MSC: | Client |Needs: |Health |Promotion |and |Maintenance
4. A |nursing |student |is |preparing |a |presentation |on |the |wellness-based |model |for |healthy |aging.
|Which |of |the |following |concepts |should |the |student |include |in |the |presentation? |(Select |all
|that |apply.)
a. Healthy |aging |is |defined |by |the |absence |of |physical |illness |alone.
b. Healthy |aging |is |individually |defined |and |can |change |over |time.
c. There |are |many |strategies |to |promote |healthy |aging |that |are |believed |to |be |helpful
|but |do |not |have |empirical |evidence |to |support |them.
d. Healthy |aging |cannot |be |achieved |by |only |focusing |on |later |life. |It |is |a |lifelong
|process.
e. According |to |this |model, |an |individual |with |a |chronic |disease |would |not |be
