PSY120 Chapter 2 - Practice Solution Manual Fully Solved Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
Deductive reasoning - Answers Starts with a generalization used to reach logical conclusions about the
world.
Inductive reasoning - Answers Empirical observations to construct broad generalizations.
Theory - Answers Well developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena.
Hypothesis - Answers Testable prediction that bridges the gap between ideas and the real world; must
be falsifiable.
Case Studies - Answers Research with an individual or a group studied in-depth for a long period of time.
Naturalistic Observations - Answers Participants are not aware that they are being observed, allowing
for natural reactions.
Surveys - Answers Most common research method that accesses level of agreement through
questionnaires.
Archival Research - Answers Use of past records or data sets to answer research questions.
Cross-Sectional Research Design - Answers Multiple segments of a population studied at one point in
time.
Longitudinal Research Design - Answers Same group of participants measured repeatedly over an
extended period of time.
Correlational Research Design - Answers Examines the relationship between two or more variables
without implying causation.
Correlation coefficient - Answers A statistical measure ranging from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength
and direction of a relationship between two variables.
Positive correlation - Answers A relationship where changes in one variable result in changes in the same
direction in another variable.
Negative correlation - Answers A relationship where changes in one variable result in changes in the
opposite direction in another variable.
Observer bias - Answers The tendency for observers to note behaviors in a biased manner based on
their expectations.
Interrater reliability - Answers The degree to which different raters give consistent estimates of the
same phenomenon.
Deductive reasoning - Answers Starts with a generalization used to reach logical conclusions about the
world.
Inductive reasoning - Answers Empirical observations to construct broad generalizations.
Theory - Answers Well developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena.
Hypothesis - Answers Testable prediction that bridges the gap between ideas and the real world; must
be falsifiable.
Case Studies - Answers Research with an individual or a group studied in-depth for a long period of time.
Naturalistic Observations - Answers Participants are not aware that they are being observed, allowing
for natural reactions.
Surveys - Answers Most common research method that accesses level of agreement through
questionnaires.
Archival Research - Answers Use of past records or data sets to answer research questions.
Cross-Sectional Research Design - Answers Multiple segments of a population studied at one point in
time.
Longitudinal Research Design - Answers Same group of participants measured repeatedly over an
extended period of time.
Correlational Research Design - Answers Examines the relationship between two or more variables
without implying causation.
Correlation coefficient - Answers A statistical measure ranging from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength
and direction of a relationship between two variables.
Positive correlation - Answers A relationship where changes in one variable result in changes in the same
direction in another variable.
Negative correlation - Answers A relationship where changes in one variable result in changes in the
opposite direction in another variable.
Observer bias - Answers The tendency for observers to note behaviors in a biased manner based on
their expectations.
Interrater reliability - Answers The degree to which different raters give consistent estimates of the
same phenomenon.
