CMAS 465 Exam 1 Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
History of child maltreatment and how it can be recognized at a legal and sociological
perspective - CORRECT ANSWER - -Child maltreatment has occurred for centuries
-In the U.S., it was widely recognized as an issue with the case of Mary Ellen.
-Sociological perspective: neighbors thought it was wrong (a social judgment that certain acts of
parents are not appropriate for cultural standards... focuses on parental actions)
-Legal perspective: legal & protective efforts and documentation of injury (based on
documentable physical injuries or emotional harm that resulted from parental actions against
children... focuses of the effects of maltreatment)
-1946: Columbia University, Radiology Professor - John Caffey: unexplained multiple fractures,
subdural hematoma - collection of blood under the skull
-1962: "Battered Child Syndrome" - Henry Kempe
-1974: Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
What is the battered child syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER - -A clinical condition in
young children who have received serious physical abuse
-A frequent cause of permanent injury or death
-1962: Henry Kempe
-The syndrome should be considered in any child exhibiting evidence of: fracture of any bone,
subdural hematoma, failure to thrive, soft tissue swellings or skin bruising, in any child who dies
suddenly, where the degree and type of injury is at variance with the history given regarding the
occurrence of the trauma
What is the purpose of the child abuse and treatment act (CAPTA)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Provides federal funding and guidance to states to support (practice):
-Prevention
-Assessments
-Investigation
,-Prosecution
-Treatment
Identifies a federal role in supporting (research):
-Research
-Evaluation
-Technical assistance
-Data collection
Sets forth the federal definition of child abuse and neglect:
-At a minimum, any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results
in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to
act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm
What the challenges are due to the differences in the definition of child maltreatment? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -Impacts the researchers' ability to draw a conclusion about the
scope of the issue
-Difficulty in protecting children as far as investigation, intervention, and treatment
-Concern: Decisions are being made about who has and who has not committed child
maltreatment without a consistent and empirically supported definition
-Lack of social agreement on what types of parenting are acceptable versus dangerous (ex.
physical discipline/corporal punishment)
-Lack of certainty about whether child maltreatment should be characterized by adult behavior,
child outcomes, context, or more than one of these factors
-Disagreement about whether "endangerment" or "harm standards" should be included in
definitions (ex. hopskipdrive "uber for kids", kids walking home from school, latch key kids)
-Uncertainty about the appropriateness of having similar definitions of child maltreatment across
legal, clinical, and scientific fields
-Inconsistencies in definitions often preclude comparative analyses of clinical studies
, What is evidence based treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Evidence based practice is
an approach to clinical practice that calls for research, specifically quantitative experimental
designs, to determine the best clinical methods.
-Evidence impacts what you do each day
-Drawing conclusions based on the evidence
-Based on systematic research and science
-You want to know it's going to work
-"The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions
about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the
best available external clinical evidence from systematic research." (Sackett, D. 1996)
The four different types of empirically supported practices: - CORRECT ANSWER --
Well established treatments: those that have been proven effective according to at least one
randomized control trial (RCT) following very strict experimental guidelines (Treatment must be
statistically significantly superior to a placebo or another treatment)
-Probably efficacious: treatment should be proven to be more effective than no treatment control
groups
-Possibly efficacious: treatment must have at least one study showing positive results
-Experimental treatment: have not yet been tested in randomized control trial studies
What statistically significantly superior is and how is it determined? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Effect size will determine if the treatment is considered effective
-Formula:
(TX Mean - Control Mean) / Control SD = Effect size
Interpreting Effect Size (Cohen 1988):
-0.20: small effect
-0.50: medium effect
-0.80: large effect (very hard to achieve)
-0.40 or higher is very impactful in psychology
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
History of child maltreatment and how it can be recognized at a legal and sociological
perspective - CORRECT ANSWER - -Child maltreatment has occurred for centuries
-In the U.S., it was widely recognized as an issue with the case of Mary Ellen.
-Sociological perspective: neighbors thought it was wrong (a social judgment that certain acts of
parents are not appropriate for cultural standards... focuses on parental actions)
-Legal perspective: legal & protective efforts and documentation of injury (based on
documentable physical injuries or emotional harm that resulted from parental actions against
children... focuses of the effects of maltreatment)
-1946: Columbia University, Radiology Professor - John Caffey: unexplained multiple fractures,
subdural hematoma - collection of blood under the skull
-1962: "Battered Child Syndrome" - Henry Kempe
-1974: Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
What is the battered child syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER - -A clinical condition in
young children who have received serious physical abuse
-A frequent cause of permanent injury or death
-1962: Henry Kempe
-The syndrome should be considered in any child exhibiting evidence of: fracture of any bone,
subdural hematoma, failure to thrive, soft tissue swellings or skin bruising, in any child who dies
suddenly, where the degree and type of injury is at variance with the history given regarding the
occurrence of the trauma
What is the purpose of the child abuse and treatment act (CAPTA)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Provides federal funding and guidance to states to support (practice):
-Prevention
-Assessments
-Investigation
,-Prosecution
-Treatment
Identifies a federal role in supporting (research):
-Research
-Evaluation
-Technical assistance
-Data collection
Sets forth the federal definition of child abuse and neglect:
-At a minimum, any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results
in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to
act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm
What the challenges are due to the differences in the definition of child maltreatment? -
CORRECT ANSWER - -Impacts the researchers' ability to draw a conclusion about the
scope of the issue
-Difficulty in protecting children as far as investigation, intervention, and treatment
-Concern: Decisions are being made about who has and who has not committed child
maltreatment without a consistent and empirically supported definition
-Lack of social agreement on what types of parenting are acceptable versus dangerous (ex.
physical discipline/corporal punishment)
-Lack of certainty about whether child maltreatment should be characterized by adult behavior,
child outcomes, context, or more than one of these factors
-Disagreement about whether "endangerment" or "harm standards" should be included in
definitions (ex. hopskipdrive "uber for kids", kids walking home from school, latch key kids)
-Uncertainty about the appropriateness of having similar definitions of child maltreatment across
legal, clinical, and scientific fields
-Inconsistencies in definitions often preclude comparative analyses of clinical studies
, What is evidence based treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Evidence based practice is
an approach to clinical practice that calls for research, specifically quantitative experimental
designs, to determine the best clinical methods.
-Evidence impacts what you do each day
-Drawing conclusions based on the evidence
-Based on systematic research and science
-You want to know it's going to work
-"The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions
about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the
best available external clinical evidence from systematic research." (Sackett, D. 1996)
The four different types of empirically supported practices: - CORRECT ANSWER --
Well established treatments: those that have been proven effective according to at least one
randomized control trial (RCT) following very strict experimental guidelines (Treatment must be
statistically significantly superior to a placebo or another treatment)
-Probably efficacious: treatment should be proven to be more effective than no treatment control
groups
-Possibly efficacious: treatment must have at least one study showing positive results
-Experimental treatment: have not yet been tested in randomized control trial studies
What statistically significantly superior is and how is it determined? - CORRECT
ANSWER - -Effect size will determine if the treatment is considered effective
-Formula:
(TX Mean - Control Mean) / Control SD = Effect size
Interpreting Effect Size (Cohen 1988):
-0.20: small effect
-0.50: medium effect
-0.80: large effect (very hard to achieve)
-0.40 or higher is very impactful in psychology
