BIO 669 Fluid and electrolyte balance
Exam-Graded A
aldosterone is influenced by what? - ANSWER-circulating blood volume, blood
pressure, plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium
what is released when circulating blood volume of BP is decreased or sodium is
decreased or potassium is increased? - ANSWER-renin is secreted and released by the
kidneys
renin stimulates the release of what? - ANSWER-angiotensin
water balance is primarily regulated by what? - ANSWER-antidiuretic hormone (ADH,
vasopressin)
ADH secretion increases what? - ANSWER-water reabsorption into the plasma
what are thirst receptors called? - ANSWER-osmolality receptors
what are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - ANSWER-hyperosmolality and plasma
volume depletion
volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______
and stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - ANSWER-ADH; pituitary gland
if sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid
in the retention of water - ANSWER-ADH
an isotonic fluid excess is called? - ANSWER-hypervolemia
Excessive administration of IV fluids can lead to? - ANSWER-Hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - ANSWER-hypervolemia
what are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - ANSWER-distended neck veins, increased
BP, increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
hypervolemia is treated with? - ANSWER-diuretics
aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - ANSWER-potassium
, sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - ANSWER-
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - ANSWER-sodium
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and
___________ release - ANSWER-vasomotor tone; ADH
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - ANSWER-aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - ANSWER-nature tic
peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal
cellular functions - ANSWER-potassium
the distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced
by what factors? - ANSWER-insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
an insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise
can facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - ANSWER-out
the ________________ is the most efficient regulator of potassium balance - ANSWER-
kidney
when the body senses a lot of potassium has been ingested what happens? -
ANSWER-potassium will be excreted in urine
During acute acidosis hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium shifts
_______________ - ANSWER-out of the cell
_____________________ ____________________ is the ability of the body to adapt to
increased levels of potassium - ANSWER-potassium adaptation
Shallow T waves and U waves are seen on and EKG in ________________________ -
ANSWER-hypokalemia
Insulin promotes cellular uptake of potassium and insulin administration may cause
________________ - ANSWER-hypokalemia due to an ECF potassium deficit
Diabetic ketoacidosis causes an increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the ECF
causing ______________ to shift into the cell in exchange for ________________ -
ANSWER-hydrogen; potassium
Exam-Graded A
aldosterone is influenced by what? - ANSWER-circulating blood volume, blood
pressure, plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium
what is released when circulating blood volume of BP is decreased or sodium is
decreased or potassium is increased? - ANSWER-renin is secreted and released by the
kidneys
renin stimulates the release of what? - ANSWER-angiotensin
water balance is primarily regulated by what? - ANSWER-antidiuretic hormone (ADH,
vasopressin)
ADH secretion increases what? - ANSWER-water reabsorption into the plasma
what are thirst receptors called? - ANSWER-osmolality receptors
what are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - ANSWER-hyperosmolality and plasma
volume depletion
volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______
and stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - ANSWER-ADH; pituitary gland
if sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid
in the retention of water - ANSWER-ADH
an isotonic fluid excess is called? - ANSWER-hypervolemia
Excessive administration of IV fluids can lead to? - ANSWER-Hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - ANSWER-hypervolemia
what are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - ANSWER-distended neck veins, increased
BP, increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
hypervolemia is treated with? - ANSWER-diuretics
aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - ANSWER-potassium
, sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - ANSWER-
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - ANSWER-sodium
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and
___________ release - ANSWER-vasomotor tone; ADH
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - ANSWER-aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - ANSWER-nature tic
peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal
cellular functions - ANSWER-potassium
the distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced
by what factors? - ANSWER-insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
an insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise
can facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - ANSWER-out
the ________________ is the most efficient regulator of potassium balance - ANSWER-
kidney
when the body senses a lot of potassium has been ingested what happens? -
ANSWER-potassium will be excreted in urine
During acute acidosis hydrogen ions accumulate in the ICF and potassium shifts
_______________ - ANSWER-out of the cell
_____________________ ____________________ is the ability of the body to adapt to
increased levels of potassium - ANSWER-potassium adaptation
Shallow T waves and U waves are seen on and EKG in ________________________ -
ANSWER-hypokalemia
Insulin promotes cellular uptake of potassium and insulin administration may cause
________________ - ANSWER-hypokalemia due to an ECF potassium deficit
Diabetic ketoacidosis causes an increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the ECF
causing ______________ to shift into the cell in exchange for ________________ -
ANSWER-hydrogen; potassium
