I/O Psychology Final Exam Question/Answers Graded
A+ 2025/2026
Army Alpha Test - an intelligence test developed during WWI by I/O psychologists for
the selection and placement of military personnel
Army Beta Test - a nonverbal intelligence test developed during WWI by I/O
psychologists to assess illiterate recruits
Hawthorne studies - a series of research studies that refocused the interests of I/O
psychologists on how work behavior manifests itself in an organizational context
Hawthorne effect - a positive change in behavior that occurs at the onset of an
intervention followed by a gradual decline, often to the original level of the behavior prior
to the intervention
Army General Classification Test - a test developed during WWII by I/O psychologists
for the selection and placement of military personnel
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery - a test developed in the 1980s by I/O
psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel; now administered to
between 300,000 and 400,000 people each year
economic recession - a sustained period of lowered productivity, increased
unemployment, and reduced spending
cross-cultural psychology - an area of research that examines the degree to which
psychological concepts and findings generalize to people in other cultures and societies
research - a formal process by which knowledge is produced and understood
generalizability - the extent to which conclusions drawn from one research study spread
or apply to a larger population
theory - a statement that proposes to explain relationships among phenomena of
interest
inductive method - a research process in which conclusions are drawn about a general
class of objects or people based on knowledge of a specific member of the class under
investigation
deductive method - a research process in which conclusions are drawn about a specific
member of a class based on knowledge of the general class under investigation
, research design - a plan for conducting scientific research for the purpose of learning
about a phenomenon of interest
internal validity - the degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a
particular research study are accurate or true
external validity - the degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a
particular research study are generalizable or accurate in other contexts
primary research methods - a class of research methods that generates new
information on a particular research question
laboratory experiment - a type of research method in which the investigator manipulates
independent variables and assigns subjects to experimental and control condition
quasi-experiment - a type of research method for conducting studies in field situations
where the researcher may be able to manipulate some independent variables
questionnaire - a type of research method in which subjects respond to written
questions posed by the investigator
observation - a type of research method in which the investigator monitors subjects for
the purpose of understanding their behavior and culture
secondary research methods - a class of research methods that examines existing
information from research studies that used primary methods
meta-analysis - a quantitative secondary research method for summarizing and
integrating the findings from original empirical research studies
level of analysis - the unit or level that is the object of the researchers' interest and
about which conclusions are drawn from the research
qualitative research - a class of research methods in which the investigator takes an
active role in interacting with the subjects he or she wishes to study
ethnography - a research method that utilizes field observations to study a society's
culture
emic - an approach to researching phenomena that emphasizes knowledge derived
from the participants' awareness and understanding of their own culture
etic - an approach to researching phenomena that emphasizes knowledge derived from
the perspective of a detached objective investigator in understanding a culture
variable - an object of study whose measurement can take on two or more values
A+ 2025/2026
Army Alpha Test - an intelligence test developed during WWI by I/O psychologists for
the selection and placement of military personnel
Army Beta Test - a nonverbal intelligence test developed during WWI by I/O
psychologists to assess illiterate recruits
Hawthorne studies - a series of research studies that refocused the interests of I/O
psychologists on how work behavior manifests itself in an organizational context
Hawthorne effect - a positive change in behavior that occurs at the onset of an
intervention followed by a gradual decline, often to the original level of the behavior prior
to the intervention
Army General Classification Test - a test developed during WWII by I/O psychologists
for the selection and placement of military personnel
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery - a test developed in the 1980s by I/O
psychologists for the selection and placement of military personnel; now administered to
between 300,000 and 400,000 people each year
economic recession - a sustained period of lowered productivity, increased
unemployment, and reduced spending
cross-cultural psychology - an area of research that examines the degree to which
psychological concepts and findings generalize to people in other cultures and societies
research - a formal process by which knowledge is produced and understood
generalizability - the extent to which conclusions drawn from one research study spread
or apply to a larger population
theory - a statement that proposes to explain relationships among phenomena of
interest
inductive method - a research process in which conclusions are drawn about a general
class of objects or people based on knowledge of a specific member of the class under
investigation
deductive method - a research process in which conclusions are drawn about a specific
member of a class based on knowledge of the general class under investigation
, research design - a plan for conducting scientific research for the purpose of learning
about a phenomenon of interest
internal validity - the degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a
particular research study are accurate or true
external validity - the degree to which the relationships evidenced among variables in a
particular research study are generalizable or accurate in other contexts
primary research methods - a class of research methods that generates new
information on a particular research question
laboratory experiment - a type of research method in which the investigator manipulates
independent variables and assigns subjects to experimental and control condition
quasi-experiment - a type of research method for conducting studies in field situations
where the researcher may be able to manipulate some independent variables
questionnaire - a type of research method in which subjects respond to written
questions posed by the investigator
observation - a type of research method in which the investigator monitors subjects for
the purpose of understanding their behavior and culture
secondary research methods - a class of research methods that examines existing
information from research studies that used primary methods
meta-analysis - a quantitative secondary research method for summarizing and
integrating the findings from original empirical research studies
level of analysis - the unit or level that is the object of the researchers' interest and
about which conclusions are drawn from the research
qualitative research - a class of research methods in which the investigator takes an
active role in interacting with the subjects he or she wishes to study
ethnography - a research method that utilizes field observations to study a society's
culture
emic - an approach to researching phenomena that emphasizes knowledge derived
from the participants' awareness and understanding of their own culture
etic - an approach to researching phenomena that emphasizes knowledge derived from
the perspective of a detached objective investigator in understanding a culture
variable - an object of study whose measurement can take on two or more values
