Practice examen toxicology and development
College 1 - Toxicology Part 1
1. Who is considered the founder of modern toxicology?
A) Hippocrates
B) Paracelsus
C) Mathieu Orfila
D) Percival Pott
2. What major discovery did Percival Pott make in toxicology?
A) Systematic animal testing
B) The dose-response principle
C) Mercury poisoning
D) Connection between soot exposure and cancer
3. What chemical caused the Minamata Disease?
A) Mercury
B) DDT
C) Thalidomide
D) Dioxin
4. What does the kinetics phase in toxicology describe?
A) The cellular damage caused by a toxin
B) How toxicants interact with specific target organs
C) How the body processes the compound
D) What the compound does to the body
5. Which of the following is not a part of ADME?
A) Inflammation
B) Distribution
C) Absorption
D) Excretion
6. What is the primary organ responsible for biotransformation of toxicants?
A) Brain
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Kidneys
7. Which substance can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?
A) Large hydrophilic molecules
B) Proteins
C) Heavy metals
D) Caffeine
8. What is the main function of the placenta in toxicology?
A) Acts as a partial barrier to harmful substances
, B) Completely prevents all toxins from reaching the fetus
C) Detoxifies chemicals before they reach the mother’s bloodstream
D) Serves as an excretion organ for the fetus
9. Which organ is the most common target of neurotoxicity?
A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Central nervous system (CNS)
10.What is systemic toxicity?
A) Toxicity that occurs in one specific organ
B) Toxic effects that impact the entire body or a distant area
C) Toxicity localized at the site of contact
D) Toxicity caused by dermal exposure only
College 2 - Toxicology Part 2
1. What is the Paracelsus principle in toxicology?
A) "Poisons are only harmful if ingested orally."
B) "All substances are therapeutic if properly used."
C) "The proper dose separates a poison from a remedy."
D) "No chemical can ever be safe, regardless of dose."
2. Which of the following is the correct definition of LC50?
A) The concentration at which 50% of the organism’s body weight is affected.
B) The dose of a chemical that causes 50% toxicity in the liver.
C) The maximum tolerable concentration without any effect.
D) The concentration of a chemical that causes 50% mortality in a test organism.
3. What does a steep slope in a dose-response curve indicate?
A) The chemical has a narrow range between therapeutic and toxic doses.
B) The chemical has no observable effect at low doses.
C) The chemical has low potency.
D) The chemical has high variability in response.
4. Which of the following statements about EC50 is correct?
A) It is always lower than NOEC.
B) It represents the dose required to kill 50% of a test population.
C) It represents the lowest observed concentration causing an effect.
D) It is the concentration that causes 50% of the maximum effect.
5. What is the therapeutic index (TI) and how is it calculated?
A) The potency of a chemical, calculated as EC50/ED50.
B) The safety margin of a drug, calculated as LD50/ED50.
C) The safety of a chemical, calculated as ED50/LD50.
D) The risk of toxicity, calculated as NOEC/LOEC.
, 6. Why are negative controls important in toxicity tests?
A) They ensure that observed effects are due to the test substance and not external
factors.
B) They confirm the chemical is safe at all concentrations.
C) They help test for maximum toxicity.
D) They provide information about the solvent’s toxicity.
7. Which of the following is NOT a typical general endpoint in toxicity testing?
A) Gene expression
B) Growth/metabolism
C) Survival
D) Reproduction
8. What is the primary purpose of biotransformation in toxicology?
A) To protect the BBB from damage
B) To eliminate harmful compounds from the body
C) To activate toxic chemicals
D) To distribute toxicants to target organs
9. What is relative potency (REP)?
A) Measures the safety of a drug by comparing LD50 and ED50.
B) REP compares the toxicity of different chemicals using their EC50 values.
C) REP only applies to chemicals with parallel dose-response curves.
D) Both B and C.
10.Which of these is a valid criticism of NOEC?
A) It depends on the number of replicates and statistical power.
B) It does not account for dose-response relationships.
C) It does not have confidence intervals.
D) All of the above.
College 3 - Modeling Human Organs In Vitro
1. What are the two main cell lines formed in the placenta during embryogenesis?
A) Cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts
B) Endothelial cells and syncytiotrophoblasts
C) Cytotrophoblasts and choriocarcinoma cells
D) HUVEC cells and BeWo b30 cells
2. What is the BeWo b30 cell line primarily used for?
A) Modelling transport in the placenta
B) Studying CSF production in the choroid plexus
C) Testing blood-brain barrier integrity
D) Measuring immune responses in pregnancy
3. What does TEER measure in cell monolayers?
A) ATP production in cells
College 1 - Toxicology Part 1
1. Who is considered the founder of modern toxicology?
A) Hippocrates
B) Paracelsus
C) Mathieu Orfila
D) Percival Pott
2. What major discovery did Percival Pott make in toxicology?
A) Systematic animal testing
B) The dose-response principle
C) Mercury poisoning
D) Connection between soot exposure and cancer
3. What chemical caused the Minamata Disease?
A) Mercury
B) DDT
C) Thalidomide
D) Dioxin
4. What does the kinetics phase in toxicology describe?
A) The cellular damage caused by a toxin
B) How toxicants interact with specific target organs
C) How the body processes the compound
D) What the compound does to the body
5. Which of the following is not a part of ADME?
A) Inflammation
B) Distribution
C) Absorption
D) Excretion
6. What is the primary organ responsible for biotransformation of toxicants?
A) Brain
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Kidneys
7. Which substance can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?
A) Large hydrophilic molecules
B) Proteins
C) Heavy metals
D) Caffeine
8. What is the main function of the placenta in toxicology?
A) Acts as a partial barrier to harmful substances
, B) Completely prevents all toxins from reaching the fetus
C) Detoxifies chemicals before they reach the mother’s bloodstream
D) Serves as an excretion organ for the fetus
9. Which organ is the most common target of neurotoxicity?
A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Lungs
D) Central nervous system (CNS)
10.What is systemic toxicity?
A) Toxicity that occurs in one specific organ
B) Toxic effects that impact the entire body or a distant area
C) Toxicity localized at the site of contact
D) Toxicity caused by dermal exposure only
College 2 - Toxicology Part 2
1. What is the Paracelsus principle in toxicology?
A) "Poisons are only harmful if ingested orally."
B) "All substances are therapeutic if properly used."
C) "The proper dose separates a poison from a remedy."
D) "No chemical can ever be safe, regardless of dose."
2. Which of the following is the correct definition of LC50?
A) The concentration at which 50% of the organism’s body weight is affected.
B) The dose of a chemical that causes 50% toxicity in the liver.
C) The maximum tolerable concentration without any effect.
D) The concentration of a chemical that causes 50% mortality in a test organism.
3. What does a steep slope in a dose-response curve indicate?
A) The chemical has a narrow range between therapeutic and toxic doses.
B) The chemical has no observable effect at low doses.
C) The chemical has low potency.
D) The chemical has high variability in response.
4. Which of the following statements about EC50 is correct?
A) It is always lower than NOEC.
B) It represents the dose required to kill 50% of a test population.
C) It represents the lowest observed concentration causing an effect.
D) It is the concentration that causes 50% of the maximum effect.
5. What is the therapeutic index (TI) and how is it calculated?
A) The potency of a chemical, calculated as EC50/ED50.
B) The safety margin of a drug, calculated as LD50/ED50.
C) The safety of a chemical, calculated as ED50/LD50.
D) The risk of toxicity, calculated as NOEC/LOEC.
, 6. Why are negative controls important in toxicity tests?
A) They ensure that observed effects are due to the test substance and not external
factors.
B) They confirm the chemical is safe at all concentrations.
C) They help test for maximum toxicity.
D) They provide information about the solvent’s toxicity.
7. Which of the following is NOT a typical general endpoint in toxicity testing?
A) Gene expression
B) Growth/metabolism
C) Survival
D) Reproduction
8. What is the primary purpose of biotransformation in toxicology?
A) To protect the BBB from damage
B) To eliminate harmful compounds from the body
C) To activate toxic chemicals
D) To distribute toxicants to target organs
9. What is relative potency (REP)?
A) Measures the safety of a drug by comparing LD50 and ED50.
B) REP compares the toxicity of different chemicals using their EC50 values.
C) REP only applies to chemicals with parallel dose-response curves.
D) Both B and C.
10.Which of these is a valid criticism of NOEC?
A) It depends on the number of replicates and statistical power.
B) It does not account for dose-response relationships.
C) It does not have confidence intervals.
D) All of the above.
College 3 - Modeling Human Organs In Vitro
1. What are the two main cell lines formed in the placenta during embryogenesis?
A) Cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts
B) Endothelial cells and syncytiotrophoblasts
C) Cytotrophoblasts and choriocarcinoma cells
D) HUVEC cells and BeWo b30 cells
2. What is the BeWo b30 cell line primarily used for?
A) Modelling transport in the placenta
B) Studying CSF production in the choroid plexus
C) Testing blood-brain barrier integrity
D) Measuring immune responses in pregnancy
3. What does TEER measure in cell monolayers?
A) ATP production in cells
