Radiation Protection in Medical Radiogr
b b b b
aphy
Consequencesbofbionizationbinbhumanbcellsbinclude
1.bcreationbofbunstablebatoms.
2.bproductionbofbfreebelectrons.
3.bcreationbofbhighlybreactivebfreebradicalsbcapablebofbproducingbsubstancesbpoisonous
btobthebcell.
4.bcreationbofbnewbbiologicbmoleculesbdetrimentalbtobtheblivingbcell.
5.binjurybtobthebcellbthatbmaybmanifestbitselfbasbabnormalbfunctionborblossbofbfunction.b-
bbANSWERbbbb1,b2,b3,b4,b&b5
Whichbofbthebfollowingbisbabformbofbradiationbthatbisbcapablebofbcreatingbelectricallybchar
gedbparticlesbbybremovingborbitalbelectronsbfrombthebatombofbnormalbmatterbthroughbwhi
chbitbpasses?
a.bIonizingbradiation
b.bNonionizingbradiation
c.bSubatomicbradiation
d.bUltrasonicbradiationb-bbANSWERbbbba.bIonizingbRadiation
Regardingbexposurebtobionizingbradiation,bpatientsbwhobarebeducatedbtobunderstandbth
ebmedicalbbenefitbofbanbimagingbprocedurebarebmoreblikelybto...
a.bassumebabsmallbchancebofbbiologicbdamagebbutbnotbsuppressbanybradiationbphobia
theybmaybhave.
b.bcancelbtheirbscheduledbprocedurebbecausebtheybarebnotbwillingbtobassumebabsmall
chancebofbbiologicbdamage.
c.bsuppressbanybradiationbphobiabbutbnotbriskbabsmallbchancebofbpossiblebbiologic
damage.
d.bsuppressbanybradiationbphobiabandbbebwillingbtobassumebabsmallbchancebofbpossible
biologicbdamage.b-
bbANSWERbbbbD.bSuppressbanybradiationbphobiabandbbebwillingbtobassumebabsmallbchan
cebofbpossiblebbiologicbdamage.
Thebmillisievertb(mSv)bisbequalbto
a.b1/10bofbabsievert.
b.b1/100bofbabsievert.
c.b1/1000bofbabsievert.
d.b1/10,000bofbabsievert.b-bbANSWERbbbbC.b1/1000bofbabsievert
ThebadvantagesbofbthebBERTbmethodbare
1.bitbdoesbnotbimplybradiationbrisk;bitbisbsimplybabmeansbforbcomparison.
2.bitbemphasizesbthatbradiationbisbanbinnatebpartbofbourbenvironment.
3.bitbprovidesbanbanswerbthatbisbeasybforbthebpatientbtobcomprehend.
a.b1bandb2bonly
b.b1bandb3bonly
c.b2bandb3bonly
,d.b1,b2,bandb3b-bbANSWERbbbbD.b1,b2,b&b3
Ifbabpatientbasksbabradiographerbabquestionbaboutbhowbmuchbradiationbheborbshebwillbrec
eivebfrombabspecificbx-raybprocedure,bthebradiographerbcan
a.brespondbbybusingbanbestimationbbasedbonbthebcomparisonbofbradiationbreceived
frombthebx-raybtobnaturalbbackgroundbradiationbreceived.
b.bavoidbthebpatient'sbquestionbbybchangingbthebsubject.
c.btellbthebpatientbthatbitbisbunethicalbtobdiscussbsuchbconcerns.
d.brefusebtobanswerbthebquestionbandbrecommendbthatbheborbshebspeakbwithbthebreferrin
gbphysician.b-
bbANSWERbbbbA.bRespondbbybusingbanbestimationbbasedbonbthebcomparisonbofbradiation
breceived.
Whybshouldbthebselectionbofbtechnicalbexposurebfactorsbforballbmedicalbimagingbproced
uresbalwaysbfollowbALARA?
a.bSobthatbreferringbphysiciansborderingbimagingbproceduresbdobnotbhavebtobacceptbres
ponsibilitybforbpatientbradiationbsafety.
b.bSobthatbradiographersbandbradiologistsbdobnotbhavebtobacceptbresponsibilitybforbpatie
ntbradiationbsafety.
c.bBecausebradiation-inducedbcancerbdoesbnotbappearbtobhavebabdoseblevelbbelow
whichbindividualsbwouldbhavebnobchancebofbdevelopingbthisbdisease.
d.bBecausebradiation-
inducedbcancerbdoesbhavebabdoseblevelbatbwhichbindividualsbwouldbhavebabchancebofbd
evelopingbthisbdisease.b-bbANSWERbbbbC.bBecausebradiation-
inducedbcancerbdoesbnotbappearbtobhavebabdoseblevelbbelowbwhichbindividualsbwouldbh
avebnobchancebofbdevelopingbthisbdisease.
Whatbarebthebcardinalbprinciplesbofbradiationbprotection?b-bbANSWERbbbbTime
Distanceb
Shielding
Inbabhospitalbsetting,bwhichbofbthebfollowingbprofessionalsbisbexpresslybchargedbbybthebh
ospitalbadministrationbwithbbeingbdirectlybresponsiblebforbthebexecution,benforcement,ba
ndbmaintenancebofbthebALARAbprogram?
a.bAssistantbadministratorbofbthebfacility
b.bChiefbofbstaff
c.bRadiationbSafetybOfficer
d.bStudentbradiologicbtechnologistb-bbANSWERbbbbC.bRadiationbSafetybOfficer
Whybisbabquestionbconcerningbthebamountbofbradiationbabpatientbwillbreceivebduringbabsp
ecificbx-raybprocedurebdifficultbtobanswer?
1.bBecausebthebreceivedbdosebisbspecifiedbinbabnumberbofbdifferentbunitsbofbmeasure
2.bBecausebthebscientificbunitsbforbradiationbdosebarebnormallybnotbcomprehensiblebbyba
bpatient
3.bBecausebthebpatientbshouldbnotbreceivebanybinformationbaboutbradiationbdose
a.b1bandb2bonly
b.b1bandb3bonly
c.b2bandb3bonly
d.b1,b2,bandb3b-bbANSWERbbbbA.b1b&b2bonly
,X-raysbarebabformbofbwhichbofbthebfollowingbkindsbofbradiation?
a.bEnvironmental
b.bIonizing
c.bInternal
d.bNonionizingb-bbANSWERbbbbB.bIonizing
WhatbunitbisbusedbtobmeasurebradiationbexposurebinbthebmetricbInternationalbSystembofb
Units?
a.bCoulombbperbkilogram
b.bMilligray
c.bMillisievert
d.bSievertb-bbANSWERbbbbA.bCoulombbperbKilogram
Whatborganizationbwasbfoundedbinb2007bthatbcontinuesbtheirbpursuitbtobraisebawarenes
sbofbthebneedbforbdosebreductionbprotocolsbbybpromotingbpediatric-
specifiedbscanbprotocolsbtobbebusedbforbbothbradiologybandbnonradiologybusersbofbCT?
a.bU.S.bFoodbandbDrugbAdministration
b.bAlliancebforbRadiationbSafetybinbPediatricbImaging.
c.bAmericanbRegistrybofbRadiologicbTechnologists
d.bThebJointbCommissionb-
bbANSWERbbbbB.bAlliancebforbRadiationbSafetybinbPediatricbImaging
Whichbofbthebfollowingbprovidesbthebbasisbforbdeterminingbwhetherbanbimagingbprocedu
reborbpracticebisbjustified?
a.bALARAbconcept
b.bBERTbmethod
c.bDiagnosticbefficacy
d.bNEXTbprogramb-bbANSWERbbbbC.bDiagnosticbEfficacy
Whichbofbthebfollowingbisbabmethodbofbexplainingbradiationbtobthebpublic?
a.bALARA
b.bBERT
c.bORP
d.bNEXTb-bbANSWERbbbbB.bBERT
Radiologybdepartmentsborbindividualbradiologicbtechnologistsbcanb"pledge"btobimagebge
ntly.bThebpledgebincludesbwhichbofbthebfollowing?
1.bMakebthebimagebgentlybmessagebabprioritybinbstaffbcommunicationsbeachbyear.
2.bReviewbthebprotocolbrecommendationsband,bwhenbnecessary,bimplementbadjustmen
tsbtobpracticebprocesses.
3.bCommunicatebopenlybwithbparents.
a.b1bonly
b.b2bonly
c.b3bonly
d.b1,b2,bandb3b-bbANSWERbbbbD.b1,b2,b&b3
Inbabteambapproachbtobpatientbcare,bvariousbparticipants
1.bassumebresponsibilitybforbtheirbareasbofbexpertise.
2.bemphasizebthebimportancebofbcommunicationbthroughoutbthebteam
3.brotatebasbthebpersonbinbchargebofbthebteam
, a.b1bandb2bonly
b.b1bandb3bonly
c.b2bandb3bonly
d.b1,b2,bandb3b-bbANSWERbbbbA.b1b&b2bonly
Whichbofbthebfollowingbradiationbquantitiesbisbintendedbtobbebthebbestboverallbmeasurebo
fbthebbiologicbeffectsbofbionizingbradiation?
a.bExposure
b.bEffectivebdose
c.bAbsorbedbdose
d.bTherebisbnobradiationbquantitybthatbisbintendedbtobbebthebbestboverallbmeasurebofbtheb
biologicbeffectsbofbionizingbradiation.b-bbANSWERbbbbB.bEffectivebDose
Typically,bpeoplebarebmorebwillingbtobacceptbabriskbifbtheybperceivebthatbthebpotentialbbe
nefitbtobbebobtainedbis
a.bgreaterbthanbthebriskbinvolved.
b.bequalbtobthebriskbinvolved.
c.blessbthanbthebriskbinvolved.
d.btypically,bpeoplebarebnotbwillingbtobacceptbriskbnobmatterbhowbgreatbthebbenefitbmaybb
e.b-bbANSWERbbbbA.bGreaterbthanbthebriskbinvolved
Whichbofbthebfollowingbstatementsbbelowbisbtrue?
a.bItbappearsbthatbnobsafebdoseblevelbexistsbforbradiation-inducedbmalignantbdisease.
b.bThebALARAbprinciplebestablishesbabdoseblevelbforbradiation-inducedbmalignancy.
c.bThebBERTbmethodbestablishesbabdoseblevelbforbradiation-inducedbmalignancy.
d.bThebNEXTbprogrambandbreferencebvaluesbestablishbabdoseblevelbforbradiation-
inducedbmalignancy.b-
bbANSWERbbbbA.bItbappearsbthatbnobsafebdoseblevelbexistsbforbradiation-
inducedbmalignantbdisease.
ThebALARAbprinciplebprovidesbabmethodbforbcomparingbthebamountbofbradiationbusedbin
bvariousbhealthbcarebfacilitiesbinbabparticularbareabforbspecificbimagingbprocedures.bThisbi
nformationbmaybbebhelpfulbtobmany
a.baccreditingbbodies.
b.badvisorybgroups.
c.bradiationbstandardsborganizations.
d.bregulatorybagencies.b-bbANSWERbbbbD.bRegulatorybAgencies
Thebtermbasblowbasbreasonablebachievableb(ALARA)bisbsynonymousbwithbthebterm
a.bbackgroundbequivalentbradiationbtimeb(BERT).
b.bequivalentbdoseb(EqD).
c.bdiagnosticbefficacy.
d.boptimizationbforbradiationbprotectionb(ORP).b-
bbANSWERbbbbD.boptimizationbforbradiationbprotectionb(ORP).
Diagnosticbefficacybincludes
1.bdeterminingbifbanbimagingbprocedurebisbjustified.
2.bobtainingbimagesbwithbminimalbradiationbexposure.
3.badheringbtobradiationbsafetybguidelines.
4.brevealingbthebpresenceborbabsencebofbdiseasebinbabpatient.b-bbANSWERbbbb1,b2,b3,b&b4
b b b b
aphy
Consequencesbofbionizationbinbhumanbcellsbinclude
1.bcreationbofbunstablebatoms.
2.bproductionbofbfreebelectrons.
3.bcreationbofbhighlybreactivebfreebradicalsbcapablebofbproducingbsubstancesbpoisonous
btobthebcell.
4.bcreationbofbnewbbiologicbmoleculesbdetrimentalbtobtheblivingbcell.
5.binjurybtobthebcellbthatbmaybmanifestbitselfbasbabnormalbfunctionborblossbofbfunction.b-
bbANSWERbbbb1,b2,b3,b4,b&b5
Whichbofbthebfollowingbisbabformbofbradiationbthatbisbcapablebofbcreatingbelectricallybchar
gedbparticlesbbybremovingborbitalbelectronsbfrombthebatombofbnormalbmatterbthroughbwhi
chbitbpasses?
a.bIonizingbradiation
b.bNonionizingbradiation
c.bSubatomicbradiation
d.bUltrasonicbradiationb-bbANSWERbbbba.bIonizingbRadiation
Regardingbexposurebtobionizingbradiation,bpatientsbwhobarebeducatedbtobunderstandbth
ebmedicalbbenefitbofbanbimagingbprocedurebarebmoreblikelybto...
a.bassumebabsmallbchancebofbbiologicbdamagebbutbnotbsuppressbanybradiationbphobia
theybmaybhave.
b.bcancelbtheirbscheduledbprocedurebbecausebtheybarebnotbwillingbtobassumebabsmall
chancebofbbiologicbdamage.
c.bsuppressbanybradiationbphobiabbutbnotbriskbabsmallbchancebofbpossiblebbiologic
damage.
d.bsuppressbanybradiationbphobiabandbbebwillingbtobassumebabsmallbchancebofbpossible
biologicbdamage.b-
bbANSWERbbbbD.bSuppressbanybradiationbphobiabandbbebwillingbtobassumebabsmallbchan
cebofbpossiblebbiologicbdamage.
Thebmillisievertb(mSv)bisbequalbto
a.b1/10bofbabsievert.
b.b1/100bofbabsievert.
c.b1/1000bofbabsievert.
d.b1/10,000bofbabsievert.b-bbANSWERbbbbC.b1/1000bofbabsievert
ThebadvantagesbofbthebBERTbmethodbare
1.bitbdoesbnotbimplybradiationbrisk;bitbisbsimplybabmeansbforbcomparison.
2.bitbemphasizesbthatbradiationbisbanbinnatebpartbofbourbenvironment.
3.bitbprovidesbanbanswerbthatbisbeasybforbthebpatientbtobcomprehend.
a.b1bandb2bonly
b.b1bandb3bonly
c.b2bandb3bonly
,d.b1,b2,bandb3b-bbANSWERbbbbD.b1,b2,b&b3
Ifbabpatientbasksbabradiographerbabquestionbaboutbhowbmuchbradiationbheborbshebwillbrec
eivebfrombabspecificbx-raybprocedure,bthebradiographerbcan
a.brespondbbybusingbanbestimationbbasedbonbthebcomparisonbofbradiationbreceived
frombthebx-raybtobnaturalbbackgroundbradiationbreceived.
b.bavoidbthebpatient'sbquestionbbybchangingbthebsubject.
c.btellbthebpatientbthatbitbisbunethicalbtobdiscussbsuchbconcerns.
d.brefusebtobanswerbthebquestionbandbrecommendbthatbheborbshebspeakbwithbthebreferrin
gbphysician.b-
bbANSWERbbbbA.bRespondbbybusingbanbestimationbbasedbonbthebcomparisonbofbradiation
breceived.
Whybshouldbthebselectionbofbtechnicalbexposurebfactorsbforballbmedicalbimagingbproced
uresbalwaysbfollowbALARA?
a.bSobthatbreferringbphysiciansborderingbimagingbproceduresbdobnotbhavebtobacceptbres
ponsibilitybforbpatientbradiationbsafety.
b.bSobthatbradiographersbandbradiologistsbdobnotbhavebtobacceptbresponsibilitybforbpatie
ntbradiationbsafety.
c.bBecausebradiation-inducedbcancerbdoesbnotbappearbtobhavebabdoseblevelbbelow
whichbindividualsbwouldbhavebnobchancebofbdevelopingbthisbdisease.
d.bBecausebradiation-
inducedbcancerbdoesbhavebabdoseblevelbatbwhichbindividualsbwouldbhavebabchancebofbd
evelopingbthisbdisease.b-bbANSWERbbbbC.bBecausebradiation-
inducedbcancerbdoesbnotbappearbtobhavebabdoseblevelbbelowbwhichbindividualsbwouldbh
avebnobchancebofbdevelopingbthisbdisease.
Whatbarebthebcardinalbprinciplesbofbradiationbprotection?b-bbANSWERbbbbTime
Distanceb
Shielding
Inbabhospitalbsetting,bwhichbofbthebfollowingbprofessionalsbisbexpresslybchargedbbybthebh
ospitalbadministrationbwithbbeingbdirectlybresponsiblebforbthebexecution,benforcement,ba
ndbmaintenancebofbthebALARAbprogram?
a.bAssistantbadministratorbofbthebfacility
b.bChiefbofbstaff
c.bRadiationbSafetybOfficer
d.bStudentbradiologicbtechnologistb-bbANSWERbbbbC.bRadiationbSafetybOfficer
Whybisbabquestionbconcerningbthebamountbofbradiationbabpatientbwillbreceivebduringbabsp
ecificbx-raybprocedurebdifficultbtobanswer?
1.bBecausebthebreceivedbdosebisbspecifiedbinbabnumberbofbdifferentbunitsbofbmeasure
2.bBecausebthebscientificbunitsbforbradiationbdosebarebnormallybnotbcomprehensiblebbyba
bpatient
3.bBecausebthebpatientbshouldbnotbreceivebanybinformationbaboutbradiationbdose
a.b1bandb2bonly
b.b1bandb3bonly
c.b2bandb3bonly
d.b1,b2,bandb3b-bbANSWERbbbbA.b1b&b2bonly
,X-raysbarebabformbofbwhichbofbthebfollowingbkindsbofbradiation?
a.bEnvironmental
b.bIonizing
c.bInternal
d.bNonionizingb-bbANSWERbbbbB.bIonizing
WhatbunitbisbusedbtobmeasurebradiationbexposurebinbthebmetricbInternationalbSystembofb
Units?
a.bCoulombbperbkilogram
b.bMilligray
c.bMillisievert
d.bSievertb-bbANSWERbbbbA.bCoulombbperbKilogram
Whatborganizationbwasbfoundedbinb2007bthatbcontinuesbtheirbpursuitbtobraisebawarenes
sbofbthebneedbforbdosebreductionbprotocolsbbybpromotingbpediatric-
specifiedbscanbprotocolsbtobbebusedbforbbothbradiologybandbnonradiologybusersbofbCT?
a.bU.S.bFoodbandbDrugbAdministration
b.bAlliancebforbRadiationbSafetybinbPediatricbImaging.
c.bAmericanbRegistrybofbRadiologicbTechnologists
d.bThebJointbCommissionb-
bbANSWERbbbbB.bAlliancebforbRadiationbSafetybinbPediatricbImaging
Whichbofbthebfollowingbprovidesbthebbasisbforbdeterminingbwhetherbanbimagingbprocedu
reborbpracticebisbjustified?
a.bALARAbconcept
b.bBERTbmethod
c.bDiagnosticbefficacy
d.bNEXTbprogramb-bbANSWERbbbbC.bDiagnosticbEfficacy
Whichbofbthebfollowingbisbabmethodbofbexplainingbradiationbtobthebpublic?
a.bALARA
b.bBERT
c.bORP
d.bNEXTb-bbANSWERbbbbB.bBERT
Radiologybdepartmentsborbindividualbradiologicbtechnologistsbcanb"pledge"btobimagebge
ntly.bThebpledgebincludesbwhichbofbthebfollowing?
1.bMakebthebimagebgentlybmessagebabprioritybinbstaffbcommunicationsbeachbyear.
2.bReviewbthebprotocolbrecommendationsband,bwhenbnecessary,bimplementbadjustmen
tsbtobpracticebprocesses.
3.bCommunicatebopenlybwithbparents.
a.b1bonly
b.b2bonly
c.b3bonly
d.b1,b2,bandb3b-bbANSWERbbbbD.b1,b2,b&b3
Inbabteambapproachbtobpatientbcare,bvariousbparticipants
1.bassumebresponsibilitybforbtheirbareasbofbexpertise.
2.bemphasizebthebimportancebofbcommunicationbthroughoutbthebteam
3.brotatebasbthebpersonbinbchargebofbthebteam
, a.b1bandb2bonly
b.b1bandb3bonly
c.b2bandb3bonly
d.b1,b2,bandb3b-bbANSWERbbbbA.b1b&b2bonly
Whichbofbthebfollowingbradiationbquantitiesbisbintendedbtobbebthebbestboverallbmeasurebo
fbthebbiologicbeffectsbofbionizingbradiation?
a.bExposure
b.bEffectivebdose
c.bAbsorbedbdose
d.bTherebisbnobradiationbquantitybthatbisbintendedbtobbebthebbestboverallbmeasurebofbtheb
biologicbeffectsbofbionizingbradiation.b-bbANSWERbbbbB.bEffectivebDose
Typically,bpeoplebarebmorebwillingbtobacceptbabriskbifbtheybperceivebthatbthebpotentialbbe
nefitbtobbebobtainedbis
a.bgreaterbthanbthebriskbinvolved.
b.bequalbtobthebriskbinvolved.
c.blessbthanbthebriskbinvolved.
d.btypically,bpeoplebarebnotbwillingbtobacceptbriskbnobmatterbhowbgreatbthebbenefitbmaybb
e.b-bbANSWERbbbbA.bGreaterbthanbthebriskbinvolved
Whichbofbthebfollowingbstatementsbbelowbisbtrue?
a.bItbappearsbthatbnobsafebdoseblevelbexistsbforbradiation-inducedbmalignantbdisease.
b.bThebALARAbprinciplebestablishesbabdoseblevelbforbradiation-inducedbmalignancy.
c.bThebBERTbmethodbestablishesbabdoseblevelbforbradiation-inducedbmalignancy.
d.bThebNEXTbprogrambandbreferencebvaluesbestablishbabdoseblevelbforbradiation-
inducedbmalignancy.b-
bbANSWERbbbbA.bItbappearsbthatbnobsafebdoseblevelbexistsbforbradiation-
inducedbmalignantbdisease.
ThebALARAbprinciplebprovidesbabmethodbforbcomparingbthebamountbofbradiationbusedbin
bvariousbhealthbcarebfacilitiesbinbabparticularbareabforbspecificbimagingbprocedures.bThisbi
nformationbmaybbebhelpfulbtobmany
a.baccreditingbbodies.
b.badvisorybgroups.
c.bradiationbstandardsborganizations.
d.bregulatorybagencies.b-bbANSWERbbbbD.bRegulatorybAgencies
Thebtermbasblowbasbreasonablebachievableb(ALARA)bisbsynonymousbwithbthebterm
a.bbackgroundbequivalentbradiationbtimeb(BERT).
b.bequivalentbdoseb(EqD).
c.bdiagnosticbefficacy.
d.boptimizationbforbradiationbprotectionb(ORP).b-
bbANSWERbbbbD.boptimizationbforbradiationbprotectionb(ORP).
Diagnosticbefficacybincludes
1.bdeterminingbifbanbimagingbprocedurebisbjustified.
2.bobtainingbimagesbwithbminimalbradiationbexposure.
3.badheringbtobradiationbsafetybguidelines.
4.brevealingbthebpresenceborbabsencebofbdiseasebinbabpatient.b-bbANSWERbbbb1,b2,b3,b&b4
