HRS 2530 Final Test With Correct Solution
Crawford Long - ANSWER -Studied effects of ether for pain reduction in 1842
-Didn't publish findings until 1849
-Congenital country doctor in Jefferson, GA
Horace Wells - ANSWER -Dentist
-Used nitrous oxide to perform oral surgeries
-Worked with William Morton to perform its use/effectiveness in front of James Warren
(well-respected scientist)
-Performance was a fail since the patient screamed during surgery
William Morton - ANSWER -Found Charles Jackson and picked his brain in the use of
ether as anesthesia
-Performed the use of ether with James Warren
-Warren received most credit even though it was not all of his work
Ignaz Semmelweis - ANSWER -Obstetrician
-2 jobs: autopsy dead women within a few days of giving birth and help deliver babies
-Realized that those who were performing autopsies carried the infectious organisms to
the mother in labor and served as the cause of perpetual/childbirth fever that killed
many women
-Introduced antiseptic technique of washing hands prior to delivering child and maternal
death rates decreased greatly
-No one believed his antiseptic techniques because Pasteur's Germ Theory had not yet
been explained
Dr. John Snow - ANSWER -Keen and careful observer
-Studied cholera and found it's source was ingested water that had been contaminated
with fecal matter
-"Father of modern epidemiology"
-Anesthetist, built an air pump to resuscitate infants, an air pump for ether use, and
administered anesthesia to Queen Victoria during labor
-Koch discovered the cholera microbe
, Louis Pasteur - ANSWER -Introduced the Germ Theory of Disease
-Studied crystals in the fermentation of wine and sugars
-Determined microorganisms are the source of dz
-Invented pasteurization to save wine and other products
-Studied anthrax, rabies, and chicken dz
-Invented immunization for all, including typhoid
-"In the field of observation, chance favors only the prepared mind"
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen - ANSWER -Discovered X-rays by accident when
experimenting with the Crookes Tube
-Created "shadow pictures" of wife's hand
-Radiation sickness --> first experienced by Clarence Dally
-"Every genuine scientist follows purely ideal goals and is an idealist in the best sense of
the world"
Sigmund Freud - ANSWER -Recognized the unconscious mind
-Mental illness was viewed as being possessed and in need of religion
-Went to Vienna to study hysteria and neurological symptoms
-Techniques used: hypnosis, free association, catharsis (reviewing and re-experiencing)
-Labeled 3 parts of the mind: id, conscious ego, unconscious superego
KEY IDEAS
•we are motivated by powerful unconscious sexual and aggressive drives
•shaped by our early experiences
•often torn by inner conflicts
•defend our egos from unpalatable truths
•can sometimes be helped by psychotherapy
Dmitri Ivanovsky - ANSWER -Analyzed disease of tobacco plants: tobacco mosaic
disease
-Used a Chamberland candle to filter the infectious fluid to find that it couldn't be
bacterial
-Believed that it contained toxins or bacterial spores --> WRONG
Crawford Long - ANSWER -Studied effects of ether for pain reduction in 1842
-Didn't publish findings until 1849
-Congenital country doctor in Jefferson, GA
Horace Wells - ANSWER -Dentist
-Used nitrous oxide to perform oral surgeries
-Worked with William Morton to perform its use/effectiveness in front of James Warren
(well-respected scientist)
-Performance was a fail since the patient screamed during surgery
William Morton - ANSWER -Found Charles Jackson and picked his brain in the use of
ether as anesthesia
-Performed the use of ether with James Warren
-Warren received most credit even though it was not all of his work
Ignaz Semmelweis - ANSWER -Obstetrician
-2 jobs: autopsy dead women within a few days of giving birth and help deliver babies
-Realized that those who were performing autopsies carried the infectious organisms to
the mother in labor and served as the cause of perpetual/childbirth fever that killed
many women
-Introduced antiseptic technique of washing hands prior to delivering child and maternal
death rates decreased greatly
-No one believed his antiseptic techniques because Pasteur's Germ Theory had not yet
been explained
Dr. John Snow - ANSWER -Keen and careful observer
-Studied cholera and found it's source was ingested water that had been contaminated
with fecal matter
-"Father of modern epidemiology"
-Anesthetist, built an air pump to resuscitate infants, an air pump for ether use, and
administered anesthesia to Queen Victoria during labor
-Koch discovered the cholera microbe
, Louis Pasteur - ANSWER -Introduced the Germ Theory of Disease
-Studied crystals in the fermentation of wine and sugars
-Determined microorganisms are the source of dz
-Invented pasteurization to save wine and other products
-Studied anthrax, rabies, and chicken dz
-Invented immunization for all, including typhoid
-"In the field of observation, chance favors only the prepared mind"
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen - ANSWER -Discovered X-rays by accident when
experimenting with the Crookes Tube
-Created "shadow pictures" of wife's hand
-Radiation sickness --> first experienced by Clarence Dally
-"Every genuine scientist follows purely ideal goals and is an idealist in the best sense of
the world"
Sigmund Freud - ANSWER -Recognized the unconscious mind
-Mental illness was viewed as being possessed and in need of religion
-Went to Vienna to study hysteria and neurological symptoms
-Techniques used: hypnosis, free association, catharsis (reviewing and re-experiencing)
-Labeled 3 parts of the mind: id, conscious ego, unconscious superego
KEY IDEAS
•we are motivated by powerful unconscious sexual and aggressive drives
•shaped by our early experiences
•often torn by inner conflicts
•defend our egos from unpalatable truths
•can sometimes be helped by psychotherapy
Dmitri Ivanovsky - ANSWER -Analyzed disease of tobacco plants: tobacco mosaic
disease
-Used a Chamberland candle to filter the infectious fluid to find that it couldn't be
bacterial
-Believed that it contained toxins or bacterial spores --> WRONG
