Microbiology: An introduction
(Tortora) Ch. 1 Questions And
Answers
Microbes (Microorganisms) - Correct Answer - Minute living things
individually too small to be seen w/ unaided eye. Includes bacteria, protozoa,
microscopic algae, archaea, fungi, multicellular animal parasites
What constitutes something living? - Correct Answer - The 9 levels of an
organism
9 levels of organization - Correct Answer - AMM-OCT-OOO
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell- the lowest level of living,
tissue, organ, organ system, organism
cell is the - Correct Answer - The lowest level of organization that can
perform all activities required for life
Cells must have - Correct Answer - 3 things to be living 1 is cell membrane 2
is genetic material, 3 is cytoplasm which is energy and machinery for
metabolism
The cell theory states that - Correct Answer - all organisms are made of
cells; cells are the most basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting
cells
Basic characteristics of life - Correct Answer - metabolism, responsiveness to
the environment, movement, growth, reproduction
Microorganisms include - Correct Answer - Prions, viruses, bacteria, archaea,
protozoa, algae, fungi, helminths
Prions - Correct Answer - infectious protein particles that do not have a
genome eg mad cow disease=CJD
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) - Correct Answer - Rare fatal encephalopathy
caused by a prion
Mad cow disease
, Virus - Correct Answer - A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then
reproduces inside a living cell.
No genetic material, no cytoplasm
Bacteria - Correct Answer - single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus;
prokaryotic but have a cell membrane. Has genetic material floating around,
no nucleus only a nucleoid
Nucleoid - Correct Answer - A non-membrane-bounded region in a
prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated.
prokaryotic cell - Correct Answer - a cell that does not have a nucleus or
other membrane-bound organelles., single chromosome that is circular with
no ends, cellular division by binary fission, Ribosome size is smaller only 70s,
site of protein synthesis is smaller
Eukaryotic cells - Correct Answer - cells possessing a nuclear membrane and
other membrane-bound organelles. True nucleus, multiple chromosomes and
linear with ends, and Has organelles like ER, Mitochondria, cellular division is
mitosis
Bigger ribosome 80s, site of bigger protein synthesis
2 theories of how life comes about - Correct Answer - 1. spontaneous
generations and 2. Biogenesis
Biogenesis Theory - Correct Answer - states that cells can only arise from
pre-existing cells
spontaneous generation - Correct Answer - the mistaken idea that living
things can arise from nonliving sources
Rudolf Virchow - Correct Answer - proposed that new cells are formed only
from cells that already exist
Francesco Redi (1668) - Correct Answer - Disproved theory of spontaneous
generation using flies and rotten meat
Germ Theory of Disease (Koch's Postulates) - Correct Answer - 1) the
suspected pathogen should be present in all cases of the disease animals
and absent from the healthy animals.
2) the suspected pathogen should be grown in pure culture
3) cells from a pure culture of the pathogen should cause disease in a
healthy animal
4) the pathogen should then be reisolated and shown to be the same as the
original
(Tortora) Ch. 1 Questions And
Answers
Microbes (Microorganisms) - Correct Answer - Minute living things
individually too small to be seen w/ unaided eye. Includes bacteria, protozoa,
microscopic algae, archaea, fungi, multicellular animal parasites
What constitutes something living? - Correct Answer - The 9 levels of an
organism
9 levels of organization - Correct Answer - AMM-OCT-OOO
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell- the lowest level of living,
tissue, organ, organ system, organism
cell is the - Correct Answer - The lowest level of organization that can
perform all activities required for life
Cells must have - Correct Answer - 3 things to be living 1 is cell membrane 2
is genetic material, 3 is cytoplasm which is energy and machinery for
metabolism
The cell theory states that - Correct Answer - all organisms are made of
cells; cells are the most basic unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting
cells
Basic characteristics of life - Correct Answer - metabolism, responsiveness to
the environment, movement, growth, reproduction
Microorganisms include - Correct Answer - Prions, viruses, bacteria, archaea,
protozoa, algae, fungi, helminths
Prions - Correct Answer - infectious protein particles that do not have a
genome eg mad cow disease=CJD
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) - Correct Answer - Rare fatal encephalopathy
caused by a prion
Mad cow disease
, Virus - Correct Answer - A tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then
reproduces inside a living cell.
No genetic material, no cytoplasm
Bacteria - Correct Answer - single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus;
prokaryotic but have a cell membrane. Has genetic material floating around,
no nucleus only a nucleoid
Nucleoid - Correct Answer - A non-membrane-bounded region in a
prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated.
prokaryotic cell - Correct Answer - a cell that does not have a nucleus or
other membrane-bound organelles., single chromosome that is circular with
no ends, cellular division by binary fission, Ribosome size is smaller only 70s,
site of protein synthesis is smaller
Eukaryotic cells - Correct Answer - cells possessing a nuclear membrane and
other membrane-bound organelles. True nucleus, multiple chromosomes and
linear with ends, and Has organelles like ER, Mitochondria, cellular division is
mitosis
Bigger ribosome 80s, site of bigger protein synthesis
2 theories of how life comes about - Correct Answer - 1. spontaneous
generations and 2. Biogenesis
Biogenesis Theory - Correct Answer - states that cells can only arise from
pre-existing cells
spontaneous generation - Correct Answer - the mistaken idea that living
things can arise from nonliving sources
Rudolf Virchow - Correct Answer - proposed that new cells are formed only
from cells that already exist
Francesco Redi (1668) - Correct Answer - Disproved theory of spontaneous
generation using flies and rotten meat
Germ Theory of Disease (Koch's Postulates) - Correct Answer - 1) the
suspected pathogen should be present in all cases of the disease animals
and absent from the healthy animals.
2) the suspected pathogen should be grown in pure culture
3) cells from a pure culture of the pathogen should cause disease in a
healthy animal
4) the pathogen should then be reisolated and shown to be the same as the
original
