Microbiology: An introduction Ch.
1 Question And Answers
Microbes (Microorganisms) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Minute living things
individually too small to be seen w/ unaided eye. Includes bacteria, protozoa,
microscopic algae, archaea, fungi, multicellular animal parasites
Pathogenic microorganisms - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Disease-carrying
organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Genus - Correct Answer ✔✔ - (biology) taxonomic group containing one or
more species
Specific eithet (species) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Name that follows genus, not
capitalized.
Bacteria (singular bacterium) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Simple, single-celled,
prokaryotic organisms, have peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce through
binary fission. Make energy by use of organic and inorganic chemicals,
and/or through photosynthesis
Prokaryotes - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A single-celled organism that has no
nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles
Archaea - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Prokaryotic single-celled organisms that lack
peptidoglycan in their cells walls. Live in extreme environments. Divided into
three subsets: Methanogens, Extreme Halophiles, Thermophiles.
Fungi (sing: fungus) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Eukaryotes, Chitin cell walls, Use
organic chemicals for energy, Molds and mushrooms are multicellular,
consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called
hyphae. Yeasts are unicellular
Eukaryotes - Correct Answer ✔✔ - All multicellular and unicellular
nonbacteria organisms. Bounded by a cell membrane and contains
cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organelles suspended in a semifluid medium
called cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA
organized into chromosomes located in the nucleus.
, Protozoa (sing: protozoan) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Eukaryotes, Absorb or
ingest organic chemicals. May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella.
Protozoa have no cell wall. Have a thickening of their cell membrane, but
have no cell wall
Algae (sing: alga) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Eukaryotes, Cellulose cell walls. Use
photosynthesis for energy. Produce molecular oxygen and organic
compounds
Viruses - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Acellular, Consists of DNA or RNA core, Core is
surrounded by a protein coat, Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope, Are
replicated only when they are in a living host cell
Helminths - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Parasitic flatworms and roundworms
Cell Theory - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Theory that all living things are composed
of cells
Spontaneous generation - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Hypothesis stating that life
could arise from nonliving matter.
Biogenesis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the production of living organisms from
other living organisms
Aseptic techniques - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Techniques that prevent
contamination by unwanted microorganisms, which are now standard
practice in laboratory and medical procedures
Fermentation - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Conversion of sugar to alcohol to make
wine and beer. Microorganisms called yeasts convert sugars to alcohol in the
absence of air.
Pasteurization - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Solution credited to Pasteur for
spoilage. A process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to
kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food.
Germ theory of disease - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Idea that infectious diseases
are caused by microorganisms, or germs.
Koch's postulates - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Sequence of experimental steps
used for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease
Immunity - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Production or recovery from disease either
through vaccine or through prior illness of disease
Chemotherapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A drug that targets rapidly
reproducing cells in an effort to combat cancer. Administered via intravenous
drugs, often causes hair loss, nausea, and nutritional deficiencies, along with
1 Question And Answers
Microbes (Microorganisms) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Minute living things
individually too small to be seen w/ unaided eye. Includes bacteria, protozoa,
microscopic algae, archaea, fungi, multicellular animal parasites
Pathogenic microorganisms - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Disease-carrying
organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Genus - Correct Answer ✔✔ - (biology) taxonomic group containing one or
more species
Specific eithet (species) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Name that follows genus, not
capitalized.
Bacteria (singular bacterium) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Simple, single-celled,
prokaryotic organisms, have peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce through
binary fission. Make energy by use of organic and inorganic chemicals,
and/or through photosynthesis
Prokaryotes - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A single-celled organism that has no
nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles
Archaea - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Prokaryotic single-celled organisms that lack
peptidoglycan in their cells walls. Live in extreme environments. Divided into
three subsets: Methanogens, Extreme Halophiles, Thermophiles.
Fungi (sing: fungus) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Eukaryotes, Chitin cell walls, Use
organic chemicals for energy, Molds and mushrooms are multicellular,
consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called
hyphae. Yeasts are unicellular
Eukaryotes - Correct Answer ✔✔ - All multicellular and unicellular
nonbacteria organisms. Bounded by a cell membrane and contains
cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organelles suspended in a semifluid medium
called cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA
organized into chromosomes located in the nucleus.
, Protozoa (sing: protozoan) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Eukaryotes, Absorb or
ingest organic chemicals. May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella.
Protozoa have no cell wall. Have a thickening of their cell membrane, but
have no cell wall
Algae (sing: alga) - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Eukaryotes, Cellulose cell walls. Use
photosynthesis for energy. Produce molecular oxygen and organic
compounds
Viruses - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Acellular, Consists of DNA or RNA core, Core is
surrounded by a protein coat, Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope, Are
replicated only when they are in a living host cell
Helminths - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Parasitic flatworms and roundworms
Cell Theory - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Theory that all living things are composed
of cells
Spontaneous generation - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Hypothesis stating that life
could arise from nonliving matter.
Biogenesis - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the production of living organisms from
other living organisms
Aseptic techniques - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Techniques that prevent
contamination by unwanted microorganisms, which are now standard
practice in laboratory and medical procedures
Fermentation - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Conversion of sugar to alcohol to make
wine and beer. Microorganisms called yeasts convert sugars to alcohol in the
absence of air.
Pasteurization - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Solution credited to Pasteur for
spoilage. A process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to
kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food.
Germ theory of disease - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Idea that infectious diseases
are caused by microorganisms, or germs.
Koch's postulates - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Sequence of experimental steps
used for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease
Immunity - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Production or recovery from disease either
through vaccine or through prior illness of disease
Chemotherapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A drug that targets rapidly
reproducing cells in an effort to combat cancer. Administered via intravenous
drugs, often causes hair loss, nausea, and nutritional deficiencies, along with
