Psyc 375 Research Methods With Complete Solutions

PSYC 375 RESEARCH METHODS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
______ and ______ are the two functional anatomical imaging techniques. - ANSWER-
fMRI and PET

______ and ______ are the two STATIC anatomical imaging techniques. - ANSWER-
CT, MRI

________ is when many many narrow X-ray beams are passed through the brain at
many different angles, creating many different images - ANSWER-CT (computed
tomography)
= static anatomical imaging technique

_________ involves many narrow X-ray beams are passed through the brain at many
different angles, creating many different images. Images are combined with the useof
computing and mathematical techniques to create a three-dimensional image of the
brain - ANSWER-CT (computed tomography)
= static anatomical imaging technique

_________ stimulation is good because the same animal can be used as its control. -
ANSWER-drug stimulation
= drugs wear off! so when they do researchers can observe behaviour before and after
the drug

__________ and ________ are the 2 methods in genetic stimulation (specific brain
region manipulation) - ANSWER-1. CRISPR-Cas9 technique
2. optogenetics

___________ (opsin 1/2) is responsive to blue light. It has an overal depolarization
(excititory) effect as the ion channel is selective to cations. This INCREASES the
frequency of action potentials fired. (optogenetics) - ANSWER-Channelrhodopsin-2
(ChR2)

___________ (opsin 1/2) is responsive to green/yellow light. It has an overal
hyperpolarization (inhibitory) effect as the ion channel is selective to ions. This
DECREASES the frequency of action potentials fired. (optogenetics) - ANSWER-
Halorhodopsin (NpHR)

___________ is a transgenic (contains DNA from another organism) technique that
combines genetics and light to control targets cells in living tissues. - ANSWER-
optogenetics

,___________ measures how much water is in different tissues and maps the location of
that water (H20), H+ atoms - ANSWER-MRI

______________ is a surgical instrument that allows a neuroscientist to create a lesion
in a SPECIFIC region of the brain - ANSWER-stereotaxic apparatus

_________________ work in electrical stimulation led to BRAIN MAPPING of the
cortex. - ANSWER-Wilder Penfield

_________, __________, and _____________ are the 3 major technques to record
electrical brain activity. - ANSWER-1. electrophysiology
2. electroencephalography (EEG)
3. event-related potentials (ERP)

Areas of the brain with high water (blood and CSF) would show ______ in a CT. -
ANSWER-dark

Areas of the brain with low water (blood and CSF) and high density would show ______
in a CT. - ANSWER-LIGHT

Cas-9 is a ___________, it cuts ______. - ANSWER-nucleoase (enzyme)
DNA

Cas-9 is a ___________. - ANSWER-nucleoase (enzyme)
= specifically cuts DNA

Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) (opsin 1/2) is responsive to ______ light. It has an overal
__________ effect as the ion channel is selective to _________. This ________ the
frequency of action potentials fired. - ANSWER-BLUE
depolarization (excititory)
cations
increases

CT (computed tomography) involves many narrow _______ that are passed through the
brain at many different angles, creating many different images. Images are COMBINED
with the use of computing and mathematical techniques to create a three-dimensional
image of the brain. - ANSWER-X-ray beams

Dark colours in brain scan = _____ density regions = absorbs _____ radiation -
ANSWER-low, LITTLE

Do functional anatomical imaging techniques infer brain activity through an INDIRECT
measure? - ANSWER-YESS just take a snapshot - from it we can INFER brain activity
(ex. looking at blood flow, water content)
= indirect measures of brain activity (not like EEG, or ERP, or electrophsiology)

, Do functional anatomical imaging techniques record brain activity? - ANSWER-NOOO -
just take a snapshot - from it we can INFER brain activity (ex. looking at blood flow,
water content)
= indirect measures of brain activity (not like EEG, or ERP, or electrophsiology)

DRUG manipulation: = ____________ drug is used to treat schizophrenia, as it reduces
dopaminergic neuron function = makes rats hypokinetic = dopy and lethargic. -
ANSWER-haloperidol

DRUG manipulation: = Amphetamine drug is used to treat __________, as it increases
_________ neuron function = makes rats ___________ = hyperactive. - ANSWER-
ADHD, dopaminergic neuron function
hyperkinetic

DRUG manipulation: = Haloperidol drug is used to treat __________, as it reduces
_________ neuron function = makes rats ___________ = dopy and lethargic. -
ANSWER-schizophrenia
dopaminergic, hypokinetic

Electrode in the electroencephalogy (EEG) picks up net ________ in _________ space.
EEG PICKS UP A _________ DEFLECTION in voltage (called a ________). -
ANSWER-- negativity, extracellular
- DOWNWARD
- current sink (left behind due to depolarization)

electroencephalography EEG listens into __________ brain activity. - ANSWER-
continuous

electroencephalography EEG picks up activity of ________ in the _________. -
ANSWER-pyramidal neurons, cortex

extracellular and intracellular recording of brain activity pertains to ___________
recording technique (one or 3 techniques) - ANSWER-electrophysiology

fMRI - When a brain region is active, the amount of ______, ________, _______
flowing to the region increases - ANSWER-blood ,oxygen, and glucose

fMRI - When human brain activity increases, the increase in oxygen produced by
increased blood flow exceeds the tissue's need for oxygen (_______________).
_________ transports oxygen via blood cells - because it is made up of _________, it
has a _________. This distorts the magnetic field used in the MRI! However, when it is
binded to oxygen (oxygenated blood), it is going to SHIELD the effects of the
hemoglobin's magnetic field. SO: Oxygen-rich hemoglobin is _____ magnetic than
oxygen-poor hemoglobin (binds to/shield iron) - ANSWER-overcompensation
hemoglobin
Hemoglobin