PHA 6115 Lec Test With Complete Solution
prevents ASSEMBLY of tubulin - ANSWER Vinca Alkaloids
Where is vinca alkaloids from? - ANSWER Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle)
Antibiotics for cancer are dominated by - ANSWER -rubicins
The only antibiotic for cancer wherein it inhibits DNA and RNA polymerase - ANSWER
Valrubicin
Metal that serves as cross-linker for cancer management - ANSWER Platinum
DNA synthesis inhibitors that binds Top-IIa - ANSWER Podophyllotoxin
Compound derived from Mayapple Tree - ANSWER Podophyllum (Mayapple Tree)
Compound derived from Happy Tree - ANSWER Camptotheca (Happy Tree)
Inhibits DNA synthesis by acting as analogs to natural substrates for synthesis. -
ANSWER Antimetabolites
Good gram (+) coverage, selected gram (-): PEcK - ANSWER First generation
cephalosporin
Lesser gram (+), greater gram (-): PEcK + HEN - ANSWER Second-generation
cephalosporin
what are the selected gram (-) from first-generation cephalosporin? Mnemonic: PEcK -
ANSWER Proteus, E. coli and Klebsiella.
what are the selected gram (-) from the second-generation cephalosporin? Mnemonic:
PEcK + HEN - ANSWER Proteus, E. coli and Klebsiella.
Haemophilus, Enterobacteria, Neisseria
The higher the generation, the more gram (-) coverage for the cephalosporins
T or F - ANSWER True
Lower gram (+) activity, broader G(-) activity with variable effects of P. aeruginosa
activity - ANSWER Third-generation cephalosporin
Active vs β-lactamase producing Staphylococcus, wide G(-) activity, aerobes, some
anaerobes. - ANSWER Fourth-generation cephalosporin
Active vs β-lactamase producing MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
and Strep. Pneumoniae. - ANSWER Fifth-generation cephalosporin
,Is a kinase that regulates cellular growth factors, energy levels, and stress - ANSWER
mTOR (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin)
examples of mTOR inhibitors - ANSWER Temsirolimus, Everolimus
what does mTOR inhibitors (Temsirolimus, Everolimus) do? - ANSWER Inhibiting this will
result to no regulation functions, which will be chaotic for the cell to not have a
monitoring mechanism (which may affect the growth and development of cancer cells).
Examples of nitrogen mustards? - ANSWER Cyclophosphamide and Chlorambucil
Cyclophosphamide has a moiety of? - ANSWER Aliphatic
Chlorambucil has moiety of? - ANSWER Aryl
Cyclophosphamide is less potent than Chlorambucil
T or F - ANSWER False
Aliphatic N-mustards are more electrophilic = more potent than Aromatic (Aryl) Nitrogen
Mustards
true aromatic N-mustard - ANSWER Chlorambucil
prodrug N-mustard may result into uro-/nephro-/neurotoxicity - ANSWER
Cyclophosphamide
-posides - ANSWER Podophyllotoxin
-tecan - ANSWER Camptotechins
Type of diabetes with early onset - ANSWER Diabetes Type 1
Quinolone used for UTI, COPD, gonorrhea - ANSWER Ofloxacin
Second generation sulfonylureas (Gly, Gli) - ANSWER Glyburide/ Glibenclamide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
1st line treatment with lifestyle change. It is highly distributed and excreted unchanged
in the urine - ANSWER Biguanides
Only biguanide approved for use. - ANSWER Metformin
The only available insulin sensitizer because of its safety. - ANSWER Pioglitazone
Carbohydrate-like anti-diabetic agents targeting alpha-glucosidase - ANSWER
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Carbohydrate-like anti-diabetic agents that aid in mimicking natural disaccharide
, substrates. - ANSWER Polyhydroxy groups
Most popular and extremely low oral bioavailability of polyhydroxy groups - ANSWER
Acarbose
Poorly absorbed of polyhydroxy groups - ANSWER Voglibose
Absorbed orally, not metabolized excreted unchanged - ANSWER Miglitol
Xanthine DDP-IV (Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV) inhibitor - ANSWER Linagliptin
Integumentary - Warm, moist skin (more secretions), Plummer's nails, pretibial
dermopathy
CV - tachycardia (most prominent), increased cardiac output
Respiratory - Dyspnea
CNS - Nervousness, tumor
GIT - Increased appetite
Renal - Polyuria, increased renal blood flow
Blood - Normochromic anemia
Musculoskeletal - Weakness, increased deep tendon reflex
Reproductive - Menstrual irregularity, decreased fertility
Face - Retraction of upper eyelid, Exophthalmos (protrusion of eyeball)
Metabolism - Weight loss (increased metabolism) - ANSWER Symptoms of
hyperthyroidism
Thyroperoxidase inhibitors - ANSWER Thioamides (PTU, Methimazole)
General catgory of anti-thyroid that targets iodide transporter - ANSWER Anions
(Pertechnetate, Perchlorate, Thiocyanate)
What happens if you add C20 thiofluoromethyl does it (increases or decreases)
glucocorticoid receptor affinity and for GC activity in the SAR of steroidal drugs -
ANSWER increases
prevents ASSEMBLY of tubulin - ANSWER Vinca Alkaloids
Where is vinca alkaloids from? - ANSWER Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle)
Antibiotics for cancer are dominated by - ANSWER -rubicins
The only antibiotic for cancer wherein it inhibits DNA and RNA polymerase - ANSWER
Valrubicin
Metal that serves as cross-linker for cancer management - ANSWER Platinum
DNA synthesis inhibitors that binds Top-IIa - ANSWER Podophyllotoxin
Compound derived from Mayapple Tree - ANSWER Podophyllum (Mayapple Tree)
Compound derived from Happy Tree - ANSWER Camptotheca (Happy Tree)
Inhibits DNA synthesis by acting as analogs to natural substrates for synthesis. -
ANSWER Antimetabolites
Good gram (+) coverage, selected gram (-): PEcK - ANSWER First generation
cephalosporin
Lesser gram (+), greater gram (-): PEcK + HEN - ANSWER Second-generation
cephalosporin
what are the selected gram (-) from first-generation cephalosporin? Mnemonic: PEcK -
ANSWER Proteus, E. coli and Klebsiella.
what are the selected gram (-) from the second-generation cephalosporin? Mnemonic:
PEcK + HEN - ANSWER Proteus, E. coli and Klebsiella.
Haemophilus, Enterobacteria, Neisseria
The higher the generation, the more gram (-) coverage for the cephalosporins
T or F - ANSWER True
Lower gram (+) activity, broader G(-) activity with variable effects of P. aeruginosa
activity - ANSWER Third-generation cephalosporin
Active vs β-lactamase producing Staphylococcus, wide G(-) activity, aerobes, some
anaerobes. - ANSWER Fourth-generation cephalosporin
Active vs β-lactamase producing MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
and Strep. Pneumoniae. - ANSWER Fifth-generation cephalosporin
,Is a kinase that regulates cellular growth factors, energy levels, and stress - ANSWER
mTOR (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin)
examples of mTOR inhibitors - ANSWER Temsirolimus, Everolimus
what does mTOR inhibitors (Temsirolimus, Everolimus) do? - ANSWER Inhibiting this will
result to no regulation functions, which will be chaotic for the cell to not have a
monitoring mechanism (which may affect the growth and development of cancer cells).
Examples of nitrogen mustards? - ANSWER Cyclophosphamide and Chlorambucil
Cyclophosphamide has a moiety of? - ANSWER Aliphatic
Chlorambucil has moiety of? - ANSWER Aryl
Cyclophosphamide is less potent than Chlorambucil
T or F - ANSWER False
Aliphatic N-mustards are more electrophilic = more potent than Aromatic (Aryl) Nitrogen
Mustards
true aromatic N-mustard - ANSWER Chlorambucil
prodrug N-mustard may result into uro-/nephro-/neurotoxicity - ANSWER
Cyclophosphamide
-posides - ANSWER Podophyllotoxin
-tecan - ANSWER Camptotechins
Type of diabetes with early onset - ANSWER Diabetes Type 1
Quinolone used for UTI, COPD, gonorrhea - ANSWER Ofloxacin
Second generation sulfonylureas (Gly, Gli) - ANSWER Glyburide/ Glibenclamide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
1st line treatment with lifestyle change. It is highly distributed and excreted unchanged
in the urine - ANSWER Biguanides
Only biguanide approved for use. - ANSWER Metformin
The only available insulin sensitizer because of its safety. - ANSWER Pioglitazone
Carbohydrate-like anti-diabetic agents targeting alpha-glucosidase - ANSWER
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Carbohydrate-like anti-diabetic agents that aid in mimicking natural disaccharide
, substrates. - ANSWER Polyhydroxy groups
Most popular and extremely low oral bioavailability of polyhydroxy groups - ANSWER
Acarbose
Poorly absorbed of polyhydroxy groups - ANSWER Voglibose
Absorbed orally, not metabolized excreted unchanged - ANSWER Miglitol
Xanthine DDP-IV (Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV) inhibitor - ANSWER Linagliptin
Integumentary - Warm, moist skin (more secretions), Plummer's nails, pretibial
dermopathy
CV - tachycardia (most prominent), increased cardiac output
Respiratory - Dyspnea
CNS - Nervousness, tumor
GIT - Increased appetite
Renal - Polyuria, increased renal blood flow
Blood - Normochromic anemia
Musculoskeletal - Weakness, increased deep tendon reflex
Reproductive - Menstrual irregularity, decreased fertility
Face - Retraction of upper eyelid, Exophthalmos (protrusion of eyeball)
Metabolism - Weight loss (increased metabolism) - ANSWER Symptoms of
hyperthyroidism
Thyroperoxidase inhibitors - ANSWER Thioamides (PTU, Methimazole)
General catgory of anti-thyroid that targets iodide transporter - ANSWER Anions
(Pertechnetate, Perchlorate, Thiocyanate)
What happens if you add C20 thiofluoromethyl does it (increases or decreases)
glucocorticoid receptor affinity and for GC activity in the SAR of steroidal drugs -
ANSWER increases
